Transmission of electricity

How does electricity move?

Electricity can circulate in many things! In metals, electricity is a movement of electrons. However, an electric current can also circulate in a solution, the earth, the ocean or even our body: in these cases, electricity is transported by charged atoms or charged molecules (ions). So materials or solutions where electricity can circulate are conductive.

In metals...

In metals, electricity is transported by electrons. An electron is itself charged (negatively), so a flow of electrons causes a transport of electricity.

...but in a solution:

In a solution, it's ions which carry electricity! The positive ions, with one or more electrons less, are therefore attracted by the origin of the electricity (the terminal - of the battery). However, negative ions, with one or more extra electrons, are rather repelled by this flow of electrons (and therefore attracted by the terminal + of the battery). This allows the circulation of electricity in a solution.

So is the water conductive?

Yes and no... it depends ! Pure or de-ionised water cannot transmit electricity, because it doesn't contain ions: it is therefore not conductive. However, salt water is a very good conductor : salt contains ions, which allows water to transmit electricity !

Here is an experiment about the transmission of electricity with water:

Experiment electricity.mov