A rheometer is a laboratory device used to measure the way in which a liquid, suspension or slurry flows in response to applied forces. It is used for those fluids which cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer. It measures the rheology of the fluid.

It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus; this approach can be used to locate the glass transition temperature of the material, as well as to identify transitions corresponding to other molecular motions. 

It is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. An FTIR spectrometer simultaneously collects high-spectral-resolution data over a wide spectral range. This confers a significant advantage over a dispersive spectrometer, which measures intensity over a narrow range of wavelengths at a time.

Spinning is a manufacturing process for creating polymer fibers. It is a specialized form of extrusion that uses a spinneret to form multiple continuous filaments. There are many types of spinning: wet, dry, dry jet-wet, melt, gel, and electrospinning.

Microscope is a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects. Optical microscopes are the oldest design of microscope and were possibly invented in their present compound form in the 17th century. Basic optical microscopes can be very simple, although many complex designs aim to improve resolution and sample contrast. 

A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine or materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength and compressive strength of materials. An earlier name for a tensile testing machine is a tensometer. The "universal" part of the name reflects that it can perform many standard tensile and compression tests on materials, components, and structures.

Temperature & Humidity Chamber is a testing device designed to simulate various environmental conditions by precisely controlling temperature and humidity levels. It is commonly used to evaluate the reliability, stability, and performance of materials, components, or products under different climatic conditions. The chamber can create extreme environments — from very low to high temperatures and from dry to highly humid atmospheres — allowing researchers and engineers to study how products respond to environmental stress. This helps ensure quality, durability, and compliance with industry standards before real-world application. 

Spray coating is technique in which the printing ink is forced through a nozzle whereby a fine aerosol will be formed.The formation of thin polymer films by the ultrasonic spray coating technique is achieved by the spreading and merging of micro-meter sized droplets and subsequent solvent evaporation.

A homogenizer is a piece of laboratory or industrial equipment used for the homogenization of various types of material, such as tissue, plant, food, soil, and many others. Many different models have been developed using various physical technologies for disruption.  

A ball mill is a type of grinder used to grind or blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, paints, pyrotechnics, ceramics, and selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. 

Dielectric Analyzer is an instrument used to measure the electrical properties of materials, particularly their dielectric constant and dielectric loss. These properties indicate how a material stores and dissipates electrical energy when exposed to an alternating electric field. The analyzer applies an AC voltage to the sample and measures its response over a range of frequencies. This technique is widely used to study polymers, ceramics, and insulating materials, providing insights into molecular mobility, curing behavior, and phase transitions. Dielectric analysis is essential for material characterization, quality control, and research in fields such as electronics, energy storage, and polymer science.

Centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal to separate various components of a fluid. This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, thereby separating fluids of different densities (e.g. cream from milk) or liquids from solids. It works by causing denser substances and particles to move outward in the radial direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are displaced and move to the centre. In a laboratory centrifuge that uses sample tubes, the radial acceleration causes denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube, while low-density substances rise to the top. A centrifuge can be a very effective filter that separates contaminants from the main body of fluid. 

Planetary centrifugal bubble free mixer : Mixes, disperses, and degasses viscous materials in minutes. Provides simultaneous processing of mixing, dispersing and deaeration of high-viscosity materials.

Freeze-drying is a low temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using heat. 

The pH meter is an electrical device that determines the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions, one of the most commonly monitored parameter. Fundamentally, a pH meter consists of a voltmeter attached to a pH-responsive electrode and a reference  (unvarying) electrode.

3D printer is a device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital design file. This process, known as additive manufacturing, contrasts with traditional subtractive methods that remove material to shape an object. 3D printers can use various materials such as plastic, resin, or metal, which are precisely deposited according to computer-controlled instructions. The technology allows for rapid prototyping, customized production, and complex geometries that are difficult to achieve with conventional manufacturing techniques.

Electric Muffle Furnace is a laboratory device used for high-temperature heating applications such as ashing, sintering, melting, and heat treatment of materials. It operates by generating heat through electric resistance elements, which are insulated by refractory materials to maintain uniform internal temperatures. The “muffle” design isolates the sample from direct contact with the heating elements and combustion gases, ensuring clean and controlled heating conditions. Electric muffle furnaces can reach temperatures of 1000 °C or higher and are widely used in materials science, chemistry, and metallurgy for precise thermal processing and analysis. 

Hot Press is a machine used to apply both heat and pressure simultaneously to materials in order to mold, bond, or densify them. It typically consists of heated platens that compress the sample at controlled temperatures and pressures for a specific duration. The process promotes uniform heat transfer and strong adhesion between layers or particles, making it essential for fabricating composites, laminates, ceramics, and polymer materials. Hot pressing improves material strength, reduces porosity, and enhances overall mechanical and structural properties. It is commonly used in research laboratories and manufacturing industries for producing high-performance materials. 

Extruder (Internal Mixer) is a machine used to mix, knead, and homogenize materials — typically polymers, rubbers, or composites — under controlled temperature and pressure. In this process, raw materials are loaded into a chamber with rotating screws or rotors that generate both shear and heat, enabling thorough blending and plasticization. The internal mixer ensures uniform dispersion of fillers, additives, and other components, which is essential for achieving consistent mechanical and chemical properties in the final product. This equipment is widely used in material processing industries, especially in polymer research and rubber manufacturing, for preparing compounds before shaping or molding.