Critical literacy as defined by Freire & Macedo (1987) is literacy that is used to promote principles of democracy, equity, and social justice. Critical literacy challenges students to evaluate their personal beliefs and assumptions into different perspectives about issues that are outside of cultural norms and status quo (Vasquez and Felderman, 2013). In the classroom, critical literacy can give voice to the marginalized and forgotten communities. Teachers can introduce critical literacy as a holistic approach to language learning.
By reviewing the relevant literature and theoretical knowledge of critical literacy, it is important that teaching pedagogy embraces and empowers the cultural identities of ELLs in the classroom and deter from the “one size fit all” paradigm. Existent literature unveils the differing social practices of learning and learners’ identities in holistic education context. Corbiere (2000) explained that “fostering a positive self-image and forming a healthy identity are inherent in holistic education” (p. 2) and that critical literacy can provide ELLs the space to learn collaboratively and understand more about the world around them.
Visit WNDB (We Need Diver Books) to find multi-cultural and diverse books for English Language Learners.
Selecting diverse books that represent a variety of different cultures in teaching is important because all learners are looking to see their own lives reflected in literature to feel validated and confident in their identity. Representation can also influence the development of positive attitudes and promote various cultures that are not represented in ELL classrooms. By using diverse books, it can help teachers overcome challenging topics but also challenge stereotypes students may have about each other especially in a multicultural classroom.
Visit Art Anywhere, Anytime for some great resources and activities for teachers and parents.
This type of activity and learning encourages learners to express themselves in areas of poetry, dance, drama, music, visual art, or film. This exhibit is great for student representation and for creating third spaces in the classroom where students can integrate the home and school spaces which can sometimes be in conflict because of the role that all cultures and languages play in shaping culture. Arts-based pedagogy with holistic education allows for students to develop experiences through their natural world by using their five senses (Gradle, 2009). These rich interactions provide students to express their experiences through creative approaches.
Holistic education emphasizes experiential learning as part of the framework. As we develop learners to become good and responsible digital citizens, we also have to design lessons that are relevant to ELLs. Many students today use blogs and social media platforms like Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, and Instagram everyday. It is important that our curriculum allows for students to see the connections between real-world applications and meaningful connections to their learning (Poulus & Exley, 2018). By using social media as a tool to for holistic teachings, teachers can create meaningful and relevant content to engage learners but to also support students to engage and understand various forms of texts in new ways (Bacaja, 2018).
Bacalja, A. (2018). What critical literacy has to offer the study of video games. Australian Journal of Language & Literacy, 41( 3), 155–165.
Corbiere, A. O. (2000). Reconciling epistemological orientations: Toward a wholistic nishnaabe (Ojibwe/Odawa/Potawatomi) education. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian and Indigenous and Native Studies Association (CINSA), May 28-31, 2000, Edmonton, AB.
Gradle, S. (2009). Another look at holistic art education: exploring the legacy of Henry Schaefer-Simmern. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 10(1), 1-20. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ827526.pdf
Poulus, D., & Exley, B. (2018). Critical Literacy for Culturally Diverse Teenagers:“I've Learned Something That Is Actually Useful”. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(3), 271-280.