Read Text A, Antarctica, in the insert and then answer Questions 1(a)–1(e) on this question paper. Question
1 (a) Give two continents that are smaller than Antarctica.
• Europe
• Oceania [1]
(b) Using your own words, explain what the text means by:
(i) ‘dominates the region’ (line 3): Takes up most of the surface of Antartica. [2]
(ii) ‘integral part’ (lines 5 and 6): It is crucial to the Earths climate. [2]
(c) Re-read paragraph 3 (‘Ice is warming.’). Give two reasons why loss of ice in Antarctica is significant.
• The loss of ice in Antartica Increases Global Warming
• Without ice in Antartica the Earth cannot refelct rays of sunshine away from itself, therefore warming up the Earth. [2]
(d) Re-read paragraphs 4 and 5 (‘While Antarctica colonies.’). Identify two reasons why the region is a popular destination for scientists from lots of different countries.
(i) • Antartica has no Borders so the land is open for Reasearch.
• The air in Antartica is the cleanest of the whole world so Atmospheric Monitoring done there has the most useful and reliable data unlike any other part of the world. [2]
(ii) Explain why growing numbers of tourists want to visit Antarctica.
More Tourists want to visit Antartica to see the threatened wildlife colonies and many tourists are taking the opportunity to do so because of the more affordable cruise prices and the sheer spirit of adventure. [3]
(e) Re-read paragraphs 6 and 7 (‘Although nearly wherever possible’). Using your own words, explain why the impact of scientists visiting Antarctica may be worse than the impact of tourists visiting.
Albeit the fact that many more tourists visit Antartica then Scientists, the number of days Scientists remain in Antartica is far superior then the number of days tourists remain in Antartica. Not only this, but many scientists have installed permanent/semi permanent establishments that remain during most of the year in Antartica. This combined with the waste from scientist food and the new roads that were obbligated to create make a much greater impact then any tourist or cruise could.
[3]
Read Text B, Crossing Antarctica, in the insert and then answer Question 1(f) on this question paper.
(f) According to Text B, what challenges does Searle face to achieve her goal? You must use continuous writing (not note form) and use your own words as far as possible. Your summary should not be more than 120 words.
While organizing a media campaign for a team of Polar explorers, Searly developed her burning desire to ski across the Arctic alone to try and change the way the media percieves female polar explorers.
Searly has come across many different challenges in the 5 years she has had this goal, she lacked funds, strenght and most of all she lacked publicity. Although she might not have the medias support yet she has her family by her side and hopefully her story will change the way the media looks at female explorers. She will need to work hard and train her mental and physical strength in order to carry her equipment and beat the world record of the fastest time for skiing the Arctic alone.
Question 3
You are Simon, the Base commander. You are giving a speech for a group of young people to explain to them the opportunities and challenges of living and working on the base station.
In your speech you should:
• explain the different kinds of jobs available at Base station and what activities each job might involve
• outline what they can expect day-to-day life to be like when they first arrive and once they have settled in
• suggest the challenges and rewards of living and working at the Antarctic base station.
Write the words of the speech.
Base your speech on what you have read in Text C, but be careful to use your own words.
Address each of the three bullets points.
Write about 250 to 350 words.
Hello everyone, my name is Simon Jacey, many of you know me as the Base Commander but I would like to know all of you as friends one day or another, or maybe just coworkers if you're a little annoying. But today I am not here to give you instructions, but rather to inform you on what you may expect coming to work in an environment like Antarctica.
As you know, the areas surrounding us are nothing but snow and ice, this poses great danger to us because of the cold but most important of all we have to make sure none of you slip into the ocean on the ice. During your first days at base you might feel disoriented as a result of the new environment away from home and obviously we have no wifi here as we are far away from dense civilization. You will have to learn to adapt to these changes because until winter most of you will not be going home.
At this base you will have lectures with different kinds of scientists that hold positions here and you will get to see how things are done. You will see scientists who routinely dive beneath the ice studying carnivorous leopard seals and orcas or the ice-coring team who work in an underground cavern excavating and analyzing ice and looking through data to see the changes made to the earth in the past centuries, because as we say here, “In ice, depth equals time”. jobs such as these take up a long length of time in your day so don't worry about being bored because you will have lots to do.
Rewarding your effort in this base camp, you can experience promotions or even demotions. I will be the one assessing this so you better make me your friend, alright? I've seen many new recruits try suck up to me. I know all your tricks so you have to be creative.
Be on time always, always give your best and you will be rewarded for your effort and hard work you put into your training.