And, lastly, because I don't have money or space for a 3d printer, for prototyping, will build the skeleton and supporting structures with epoxy. Yaaaayyyyy.

To be simpler, we got the 4 basic human emotions.

In short, we got the 4 basic human emotions and associate all of them, with their individual values, on every object or agent that is seen or was saw. Even different parts of a singular Object or Agent have their own value and the sum of these parts make a value total.

In the process of valuing the different elements of a scene, a queue of priorities is set up where the elements with the greatest added emotional value come first, preceded by other objects in decreasing order of emotional value.

In the construction of the Scene, in the Attention module, all the elements of the environment and the emotional states associated with them are considered (a). Then, the spatial emotional influence provoked and received by each evaluated element is evaluated (b). After accounting, an emotional value (c) is affixed by the Agent to each element of the Scene so that they check whether or not they have enough value to pass through the filters of the Attention module. Finally, the set of Scene Elements that managed to pass through the filters are linked according to the importance value assigned by the Emotional Agent (d).

To begin, reasoning is all about choices of how to act. It's about knowing the limited set of possible actions and what actions are involved with the solution of what problems. Is to know how actions are linked to a second action named reaction and what actions are the inverse of other actions. A lot of fun potential!!!

Usually, when you interact with a thing, you can only choose to engage with an interaction or avoid the interaction. This limits the entire set of possible actions to these 2 characteristics. Do you want to press a button? Engage in an interaction. Do you want to not press a button? Give up on squeezing. Done. You are free now. It ends with a closure. A truly end.

BUT, sometimes, you can't avoid a problem. If a problem cannot be avoided, it needs to be solved or you can give up on the endpoint objective. A problem is solved by finding one or multiple SOLUTIONS.

Technically, avoiding a PROBLEM is also a sort of SOLUTION... maybe. The simplest of all solutions. Even doing nothing can be one too, but it depends on the context.

In this example, a hammer is a solution to solve the problem created by a bee blocking the path.

Because of this, the Bonfire can be marked as a PROBLEM, as it prevents or makes difficult access to the Cake.

When an Element is marked as a problem, it sums the value of the first element of the queue, only for calculations purpose, becoming the first element himself.

With this, it's easy to find the SOLUTION or SOLUTIONS linked to this PROBLEM. And maybe even the solution can become a new problem itself. Then repeat the cycle of problems and their solutions until one or multiple last solutions can be found. It's something dynamic and tends to not last for too long.

In this example, when the Emotional Agent detects a Bonfire (b) blocking the path of its objective, the Cake (a), marks the Bonfire as a problem (c) and tries to locate the solution indicated in memory (d), Water. However, a new problem arises (e) because the solution found needs another element as a necessary condition to be able to be put into practice (f), that is, the Bucket. However, near the Bucket, there is an Enemy Bee (g) serving as an obstacle for the Emotional Agent who, by marking the Bee with the status of a problem (h), can then bypass it. Thus, the Agent is able to dodge the Bee, pick up the Bucket, collect the Water, and only then put out the Bonfire to finally get the Cake.

Firstly, what is Common Sense? 

In short, it's all about memory. That's it. The end. Finito. Fim. Acabou.

Common sense is the act to add all objects and agent's references into generic nuclei representing the sets of these things. It's like a common network/graph of concepts that represent, for example, a generic Bee that has all the emotional content of all Bees that have been saw.  

  If an element is unknown, the first impressions about this element will represent the whole class of the same new element.

The variable referring to the emotional state Anger will be increased in the event of a "bad event" for the Agent such as pain, aggression, or stress. On the other hand, when the increase in the Anger variable results in an action by the Emotional Agent, a decrease in its value can be observed proportionally to the action triggered. If this action is prevented from occurring due to interaction with other variables that represent other emotional states, anger tends to accumulate and reach a high value.

As for the interaction with other variables, when an increase in the Anger variable is observed, there is a relative decrease in the variables Happiness, Sadness, and Fear because the accumulation of anger tends to "blind" the other emotional states. As for the decrease in Anger, the values of Happiness and Fear are recovered in proportion to the decrease, however, Sadness will not recover its value.

The variable referring to the emotional state Fear will be increased due to the "possibility" of the occurrence of a "bad event" for the Agent, such as the presence of an enemy that can generate aggression or an object that can generate stress. 

However, a decrease in its value can be observed if the "possibility" of damage disappears. When an increase in the Fear variable is observed, there is a relative and proportional decrease in the Happiness variable since the accumulation of Fear tends to inhibit the emotional state of Happiness. As for the subsequent decrease in Fear, the value of Happiness proportional to the decrease is recovered.

The variable referring to the emotional state Joy / Happiness will be added in the face of the occurrence of a "good event" for the Agent, such as the satisfaction of a need or the presence of an object of desire.

As for the interaction with other variables, when an increase in the Happiness variable is observed, there is a relative decrease in the Fear variable so that the accumulation of Happiness tends to inhibit the emotional state of Fear. As for the decrease in Happiness, the value of Fear is recovered in proportion to the decrease.

The variable referring to the emotional state Sadness will be increased, unlike the others, in view of the withdrawal of a pre-existing "good event" for the Agent, that is, a "loss" such as the interruption of the satiation of a need or the removal of an object of desire. However, in order to decrease, in addition to what occurs naturally with time, it is necessary to disappear this "loss" event in memory (a process called "forgetfulness"). When there are emotions such as anger or fear associated with the lost element, the absence of this influence on the emotional state of the Emotional Agent will provide a "relief", that is, the decrease of these emotions.

When interacting with other variables, when an increase in the Sadness variable is observed, there is a relative decrease in the variables Anger, Fear, and Happiness so that the accumulation of Sadness tends to inhibit the other emotional states. As for the decrease in Sadness, there is a recovery of the initial values of the other emotional states and, unlike the other emotional states, it is the only emotion that is not linked to the entries in memory so that its presence is only perceived in the Emotion module.

As for the potentials of the activation functions of emotional states, the positive response is greater than the negative response in situations of low affective stimulus, which is called Positivity Offset, however, the increase in the response per amount of stimulus is greater for the negativity stimulus than that of positivity, that is Negativity Bias. Positivity Offset ends up being the tendency of a positive response near-zero stimuli, that is, the motivation for the Agent to explores ends up being stronger than the motivation for hiding at low levels of evaluative activation so that this trend must have an important survival value at the species level as it encourages exploration in neutral environments.

On the Negativity Bias, since exploratory behavior can place the individual in close proximity to a hostile stimulus, and since it is more difficult to reverse the consequences of a damaging or even fatal attack than just the loss of an unseen opportunity, the process of Natural selection may have resulted in a stronger reaction to successive negative stimulus than to positive ones.

Species possessing Positivity Offset and Negativity Bias enjoy the benefits of exploratory behavior and a self-preserving posture through the predisposition to avoid or withdraw from threatening events.

The internal module Natural/Standard Emotional State performs a qualitative analysis of the external inputs with the aid of the internal inputs sent by the external module Internal States and the Memory module. The qualitative analysis is distributed in different submodules, one for each type of emotion, where each one is responsible for analyzing the data and inserting values in the variables corresponding to the emotional state associated with them. Such values are sent for storage in the Memory module and aggregation in the internal Current Emotional State module.

The Current Emotional State internal module will be responsible for the accumulation of emotions generated in each input that passes through the Natural/Standard Emotional State, building a circumstantial emotional portrait of the Agent, regardless of personality, according to the set of inputs received. This circumstantial emotional portrait, due to the volatility of the current Emotional State internal module, is constantly changing whether through new aggregations/subtractions of Emotional States or even the absence of these in the case of weakening over time of the stimuli received.

The Current Emotional State provides too the Body's emotional reflex to the module Internal States in Emotional Body Expression providing a physical reaction on the part of the Emotional Agent according to the Current Emotional state. As for the data flow, the Emotion module is used to associate agents and objects, through the Internal States, with new emotional states and to collect the emotional feedback already stored in the Memory module. In addition, the output of the information from the Logic module also influences the reconstruction of the environment inside the Attention module.

The internal Events Action / Reaction Memory module has a record of the different types of events with actions and reactions known to the Emotional Agent so that they are used to recognize events involving agents and objects. This list of events, actions, and reactions allow the Emotional Agent to recognize the different actions, who performed them, and who received them, thus building an appropriate emotional response to the relevant action.

Examples of Basic Actions or Events are the act of Hurting, containing Agent or Active Object and Agent or Passive Object of the Action; the act of Activating any mechanism, be it a door or a lever; the act of taking some object from the environment; the act of dropping an object into the environment; the act of handing over an object to another specific agent; the act of combining a particular object with another object, whether the same type or not; the act of Consuming an object by the agent, be it food, water or some type of potion; the act of Giving Order or Imposing an Objective to an Agent; the act of Teaching or demonstrating a type of Action, whether unknown or not, and its relationship with a particular Agent or Object; the act of approaching, that is, reducing the distance in relation to an agent or object; the act of moving away from, that is, increasing the distance in relation to an agent or object and, also, any and all possibilities of the Agent's Body Movement.

Unlike Agents and Objects in memory, an Action cannot be linked directly to an Emotional State, as it depends a lot on the context of the Action and the elements involved. The act of opening a door can only be considered good or bad depending on the circumstances surrounding this Action and the relationship of the Emotional Agent to these other elements involved. This internal module has no direct connection with the external Emotion module and depends on the emotional states linked to the different agents and objects in the scene.

In the Agents Memory, all Agents with whom the Emotional Agent has had or has contact are registered, allowing an individualized record of all Actions referring to these Agents and the different types of mental states attached to them. For each element stored in this internal module, there are two types of aggregated mental states, one being the AG / OB / EV Mental State, composed of the aggregation of the different mental states collected through the continuous interactions with the environment and the Scene mental state, which arises from the internal module Scene, in the external module Attention. Also stored in the Agents Memory is the spatial position in which the Agent in question was located the last time it was detected, as well as data on his physical condition, speed of movement, etc.

In the Objects Memory, similarly to the Agents in Scene, all the Objects that the Emotional Agent had or have contact with are registered, allowing an individualized record of all the actions involving these and the different types of mental states added to them. For each element stored in this internal module, there are also two types of aggregated mental states, one of which is the AG / OB / EV Mental State composed of the aggregation of the different mental states collected through repeated interactions with the environment and, on the other hand, the Scene Mental State that appears from the different interactions in the Cena internal module, from the external module Attention. As well as the spatial position in which the object in question was found the last time it was detected in Cena. Details are also recorded in this module such as who owns a particular object and its physical condition.

The Emotional Agent, even having never interacted with a certain element, from the data of the internal module Common Sense Memory a preconceived emotional value can be associated with this new element inducing a behavior closer to the appropriate one according to the experiences acquired with other elements of the same type or class. Due to the diversity of possible values, it is appropriate to associate a value that represents the set of types or classes of Agents and Objects in memory, that is, the average of all the aggregated emotional states recorded being used as a standard emotional value for new or unknown elements. 

There is also the possibility for the Agent to press a button - or open a certain door, for example - and thus receive Emotional values ​​from a certain previous, or even subsequent, event, as these events are sufficiently close in time. As an example, the Emotional Agent when crossing a room assigns part of the Emotional value associated with the enemy found in this room to the entrance door, used before meeting the enemy, and the exit door, used after this encounter. With this type of emotional temporal aggregation, the Emotional Agent gains the ability to anticipate events or actions that generate desirable consequences or not. 

The internal module Recent Events Memory is responsible for associating the last Actions and Reactions with the Agents and Objects involved with them. Then, an Event can promote a temporal Emotional influence zone for new Events or occurrences already registered in Memory. It is also from this module that different mental states are aggregated to the Agents and Objects of the Agents and Objects Memory modules as Events involving them occur.

The range of possibilities for actions by the Emotional Agent in a given event, even if these actions do not lead to the resolution of a specific type of problem, is obtained in the internal module Events Possibilities from the internal module Recent Events Memory. In this module, we have the construction of a set of all known Action and Reaction possibilities involving Agents and Objects in memory from the experience and interaction with them. If the Emotional Agent encounters an enemy, it then has a set of possibilities for actions based on observations of the environment and previous experiences.

As for the resolution of problems, whether they come from Agents, Objects, or Events, it is possible to navigate in a tree of actions to be performed by the Emotional Agent to reach a punctual solution, even if this solution is a set of actions for the agent to be able to get up and stand on its own feet. In the internal module Problem / Solution Memory, from the internal module Events Possibilities, there is the grouping of actions that resulted in the resolution of a problem involving the types or classes of the Agents and Objects coming from the Common Sense Memory. 

It is also possible to achieve specific objectives independently of the Emotional Agent's expected Action for a given moment because, in the internal module Goals Memory, the direction of the behavior of this Emotional Agent is produced. This direction is given through specific actions as a solution to a given problem, involving or not a specific Agent / Object also previously chosen, causing a specific behavior. Thus, in addition to the element pointed out as an objective, the addition of one or more specific actions from the internal module Events Possibilities is allowed regardless of whether they are linked to problem-solving or not.

It is like a gymkhana, where anyone who manages to travel a certain distance with a spoon in their mouths, holding a boiled egg, wins (egg-and-spoon race). This internal module exists to allow the execution of arbitrary solutions or those that have no direct relationship with solving a problem.

In this module, the Agents and Objects are organized in order of priority so that only the first in the queue, that is, the one with the highest priority, will be sent to the external module Logic. Likewise, the emotional state associated with it and also acquired during the construction of the Scene in the external module Attention, which will be sent to the external module Internal States to subsidize the Body emotional reflex in Emotional Body Manifestation regarding the focus element of attention. Thus, the Emotional Agent will always seek to focus on what is most important and relevant to him, however, without ignoring other Agents, Objects, and Events of relatively minor importance.

In the construction of the Scene, in the Attention module, all the elements of the environment and the emotional states associated with them are considered (a). Then, the spatial emotional influence provoked and received by each evaluated element is evaluated (b). After accounting, an emotional value (c) is affixed by the Agent to each element of the Scene to verify whether or not they have enough value to pass through the filters of the Attention module. Finally, the set of Scene Elements that managed to pass through the filters are linked according to the importance value assigned by the Emotional Agent (d).

In (a), the situation observed in the previous figure follows, where the elements of the Scene are distributed in the Priority Queue module according to the importance value assigned to them by the Emotional Agent who will react to the presence of the Cake because it occupies the first position of the queue. As a consequence of the subsequent reassessment of the Scene by the Logic module, the Bonfire is marked as an obstacle (b) between the Emotional Agent and the Cake making this object that is marked as a problem have the importance value of the Cake added to it and become the first in line.

Let's start with an example. In this case, our little friend sees a Bee behind a bush. What could be the problem, you ask? 

Normally we represent the full network/graph of concepts of an Agent or Object here, but in the real world, it's almost impossible to extract all the features on a single time frame of interaction.