UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE, THE EARTH AND WEATHER AND CLIMATE.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE, THE EARTH AND WEATHER AND CLIMATE.
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- THE UNIVERSE
The universe is a huge open space, it’s endless. In the universe there are billions of galaxies. Our galaxy is the Milky Way. There are 3 types of galaxies:
The universe is a huge open space, it’s endless. In the universe there are billions of galaxies. Our galaxy is the Milky Way. There are 3 types of galaxies:
- Spiral galaxy, like our Galaxy.
- Elliptical galaxy, like an oval.
- Irregular galaxy.
There are billions of stars, which are balls of gas that produce light. A group of stars that makes an imaginary shape is called constellation.
There are billions of stars, which are balls of gas that produce light. A group of stars that makes an imaginary shape is called constellation.
Other celestial bodies:
Other celestial bodies:
There are planets that orbit a star, asteroids which are rocky, irregular masses that orbit the Sun, meteoroids that are small pieces of rock or metal from asteroids, and comets that have a nucleus and a bright tail and they are made of ice, dust and gases.
There are planets that orbit a star, asteroids which are rocky, irregular masses that orbit the Sun, meteoroids that are small pieces of rock or metal from asteroids, and comets that have a nucleus and a bright tail and they are made of ice, dust and gases.
2. OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
2. OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
It has 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, The Earth, Mars (which are the inner planets), Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune(the outer planets). The Sun is our star, it is in the middle. The planets orbit/move around the Sun. In our Solar System there are dwarf planets(planetas enanos), like Pluto or Ceres, asteroids, comets,… There is an asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter.
It has 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, The Earth, Mars (which are the inner planets), Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune(the outer planets). The Sun is our star, it is in the middle. The planets orbit/move around the Sun. In our Solar System there are dwarf planets(planetas enanos), like Pluto or Ceres, asteroids, comets,… There is an asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter.
3. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
3. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
- Earth’s rotation: when it rotates on its axis. It takes 24hours and it causes the day and the night.
- Earth’s revolution (Traslación): when it orbits/moves around the Sun. It takes 365days and 6hours, that’s why every 4years there is one day more, it is called a leap year (año bisiesto). The Earth’s revolution causes the 4seasons: Spring, summer, autumn and winter.
4. THE MOON
4. THE MOON
Our satellite is the Moon. It orbits the Earth, it takes 28 days. The Moon has different phases:
Our satellite is the Moon. It orbits the Earth, it takes 28 days. The Moon has different phases:
- Full Moon: we can see the whole moon (vemos la luna entera).
- New Moon: we can’t see the moon (no vemos la luna, no está iluminada).
Between those phases the illuminated part of the Moon becomes bigger or smaller, so we can see only a part of the Moon. (Luna creciente y menguante).
Between those phases the illuminated part of the Moon becomes bigger or smaller, so we can see only a part of the Moon. (Luna creciente y menguante).
The Solar eclipse: The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, so it blocks the sunlight.
The Solar eclipse: The Moon is between the Sun and the Earth, so it blocks the sunlight.
The Lunar eclipse: The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, so it blocks the sunlight.
The Lunar eclipse: The Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, so it blocks the sunlight.
5. THE SPHERES OF THE EARTH
5. THE SPHERES OF THE EARTH
The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that can support life. The sphere of the planet where life exists is called the biosphere. The three spheres which support life on Earth are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the geosphere.
The Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that can support life. The sphere of the planet where life exists is called the biosphere. The three spheres which support life on Earth are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the geosphere.
· Atmosphere: is the layer of gases which surrounds the Earth.
· Atmosphere: is the layer of gases which surrounds the Earth.
· Biosphere: is composed of all living organisms: animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms. It includes all the ecosystems on land and in the ocean and rivers.
· Biosphere: is composed of all living organisms: animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms. It includes all the ecosystems on land and in the ocean and rivers.
· Geosphere: is the solid part of the Earth. It is made up of three layers: the core, the mantle and the crust.
· Geosphere: is the solid part of the Earth. It is made up of three layers: the core, the mantle and the crust.
· Hydrophere: is all the water that exists on Earth. Water covers about 75% of the planet.
· Hydrophere: is all the water that exists on Earth. Water covers about 75% of the planet.
6. CLIMATES IN THE SPAIN
6. CLIMATES IN THE SPAIN
What affect the climate? Lattitude, landforms or relief, altitude and distance of the sea.
What affect the climate? Lattitude, landforms or relief, altitude and distance of the sea.
Climates in SPain: Continental, oceanic, subtropical, alpine and mediterranean.
Climates in SPain: Continental, oceanic, subtropical, alpine and mediterranean.
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