Methods I use and great references to explain them further.
Similar to Janet Hyde's work, I use very basic ways to describe and summarize effect sizes on a given topic or between two or more groups. Extremely intuitive. However, since I try to expand what is known about people who are sexual and gender diverse, there is less literature to meta-analyze. Instead, I use basic descriptives of effect sizes in novel samples.
Zell, E., Krizan, Z., & Teeter, S. R. (2015). Evaluating gender similarities and differences using metasynthesis. American Psychologist, 70(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038208
Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581
Hyde, J. S. (2014). Gender similarities and differences. Annual Review of Psychology, 65(1), 373–398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115057
Dense Readings
Robitzsch, A. (2022). sirt: Supplementary Item Response Theory Models. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sirt
Robitzsch, A. (2023). Estimating local structural equation models. Journal of Intelligence, 11(9), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11090175
Lighter Reading
Liu, T., Ding, R., Su, Z., Peng, Z., & Hildebrandt, A. (2025). Modelling nonlinear moderation effects with local structural equation modelling ( LSEM ): A non‐technical introduction. International Journal of Psychology, 60(1), e13259. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.13259
Example of LSEM Applied to Moderation in Structural Regression
Hartung, J., Spormann, S. S., Moshagen, M., & Wilhelm, O. (2021). Structural differences in life satisfaction in a U.S. adult sample across age. Journal of Personality, 89(6), 1232–1251. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12654
Evans, C. R., Williams, D. R., Onnela, J.-P., & Subramanian, S. V. (2018). A multilevel approach to modeling health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social identities. Social Science & Medicine, 203, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.011
Keller, L., Lüdtke, O., Preckel, F., & Brunner, M. (2023). Educational inequalities at the intersection of multiple social categories: An introduction and systematic review of the Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) approach. Educational Psychology Review, 35(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09733-5
Konstantopoulos, S. (2011). Fixed effects and variance components estimation in three-level meta-analysis: Three-level meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 2(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.35
Van Den Noortgate, W., López-López, J. A., Marín-Martínez, F., & Sánchez-Meca, J. (2013). Three-level meta-analysis of dependent effect sizes. Behavior Research Methods, 45(2), 576–594. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0261-6
Moeyaert, M., Ugille, M., Natasha Beretvas, S., Ferron, J., Bunuan, R., & Van Den Noortgate, W. (2017). Methods for dealing with multiple outcomes in meta-analysis : a comparison between averaging effect sizes, robust variance estimation and multilevel meta-analysis. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2016.1252189
Tutorials in R
By hand
Bazeley, P. (2021). Qualitative data analysis: Practical strategies (Second edition). SAGE Publications Ltd.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4E.). SAGE.
Partial (never total) automation for large datasets
Fielding, J., Fielding, N., & Hughes, G. (2013). Opening up open-ended survey data using qualitative software. Quality & Quantity, 47(6), 3261–3276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9716-1
Jackson, K., Paulus, T., & Woolf, N. (2018). The Walking Dead Genealogy: Unsubstantiated Criticisms of Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS) and the Failure to Put Them to Rest. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2018.3096
Wickham, M., & Woods, M. (2015). Reflecting on the Strategic Use of CAQDAS to Manage and Report on the Qualitative Research Process. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2005.1827
Packages In R
Grün, B., & Hornik, K. (2011). topicmodels: An R Package for Fitting Topic Models. Journal of Statistical Software, 40(13), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v040.i13
Silge, J., & Robinson, D. (2016). tidytext: Text Mining and Analysis Using Tidy Data Principles in R. JOSS, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00037