The Mali of Maharashtra are a caste of cultivators specializing in horticulture.[7] The caste is concentrated in five districts of Western Maharashtra and a district in the Vidarbha region.[8] They traditionally made their living by cultivating fruit, flowers and vegetables.[9][10] There are many different sub-castes depending on what the sub-group cultivated, for example, the Phul mali were florists, the Jire mali grew jire or cumin, and halde mali cultivated Halad(turmeric) etc.[11][12] In the 20th century, the mali have been the pioneers in using irrigation to grow cash crops such as sugar cane and in establishing farmer owned sugar mills.[13] This led later in the century of wide spread cultivation of sugarcane in Western Maharashtra by other communities as well as the establishment hundreds of sugar mills in Maharashtra and other regions of India.[14][15]

Introduction / HistoryThe Mali are traditionally known as gardeners. The word Mali is derived from the Sanskrit word 'mala' (meaning garland). Many are called 'phool' Mali, referring to their well-known occupation of growing flowers.


There is at least one group of Mali from Rajasthan who are considered to have originated from Rajput or warrior tribes and who are of a higher caste.


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