For this project, we were tasked with designing an instrumentation amplifier. To accomplish this, we first designed a two-stage Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) using Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) technology. This involved carefully selecting the proper MOS transistors and designing the amplifier to have the appropriate gain and bandwidth. 

Once we had successfully designed the two-stage Op-Amp, we used it as a sub-circuit for our instrumentation amplifier. Specifically, we used three Op-Amps in total, each with different resistor and capacitance values. We selected these values based on the specifications given to us, ensuring that the circuit would meet the required gain, input impedance, and bandwidth. 

To further refine the design, we performed several simulations and tests to verify that the circuit was functioning as intended. We also made adjustments to the resistor and capacitor values as needed to ensure that the circuit met the desired specifications. 

The goal of this project is to provide a fully working three-phase circuit solver. For this some info is taken from user and then processed and some outputs are given.

Info taken from user:

1.What type of combination

2.Source voltages (in polar form)

3.Line impedances (in complex form)

4.Load impedances (in complex form)

Output given:

1.Line currents

2.Load currents

3.Line voltages

4.Load voltages

5.Total Real power

6.Total Reactive power

7.Power factor

8.Phase diagram of load and line voltages, load and line currents.

Isolated keyword detection is the task of identifying specific keywords from an audio input. Six words were selected as keywords for this purpose. Our selected words are given below: Apple, Banana, Coconut, Jackfruit, Mango, Oranges

The total workflow of problem is subdivided into three parts:

a) Collecting voice data of keywords for different users and storing them in a database

b) Taking voice data of unknown keyword from new user as input and performing feature extraction techniques

c) Comparing the features of previously stored voice data and new data to find which keyword was spoken.

Audio processing techniques can be used to extract features from the audio signal and identify the presence of the keyword.

There are many feature extraction techniques like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP), Mel-Spectrogram, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT), Probabilistic Linear Discriminate Analysis (PLDA) etc. In this project, Mel-Spectrogram and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) are used.

After extracting the features, a classifier is used to measure the similarity and dissimilarity between the coefficients and therefore the speech signals. For classification, various techniques are available like Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) etc. We used Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) method in this project.

The objective of this project is to develop an efficient and reliable inverter capable of converting direct current (DC) power into three-phase alternating current (AC) power. The design process involves the generation of proper gate pulses for switching of semiconductor devices, ensure the accuracy of voltage value & expected frequency as well as the reduction of harmonics for optimal performance. The novelty of this project lies in the dual mode conversion of the three-phase output to both 180- and 120-degree conduction mode without changing the switching mechanism of the circuit layout with the help of Jhonson Counter. 

This project aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based CPR feedback device utilizing a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller and a force-sensitive resistor to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The system involves the calibration of the force-sensitive resistor to establish a baseline for the correct pressure applied during CPR, which is then stored for future comparisons. Real-time force readings are continuously logged and transmitted wirelessly to a smartphone application via WiFi connectivity. The smartphone interface offers users the ability to monitor CPR pressure and compression rate in real-time, with the added capability of comparing the current data against the established baseline. The application provides instant feedback, indicating whether the user is applying the right amount of pressure and maintaining the correct compression rate. The project aims to enhance the quality of CPR training and improve the chances of successful resuscitation by providing immediate guidance and feedback during emergency situations. This IoT-based CPR feedback device holds the potential to significantly impact emergency response to nearby medical emergency sectors along with ensuring that practitioners adhere to recommended CPR protocols. The integration of wireless communication and real-time monitoring enhances the accessibility and usability of the system, making it a valuable tool for both training and real-world applications. 

◦The Robot utilizes image processing techniques to identify fire sources and employs Raspberry Pi for decision-making and control, while Arduino handles the robot's physical movements. This innovative project seeks to enhance fire safety by deploying autonomous robots to swiftly respond to and mitigate fire hazards.

The "Fire Alarm System" project aimed to design and implement an effective fire detection and alert system using digital electronics. This project involved the integration of various components, including sensors, microcontrollers, and alarm systems, to develop a comprehensive fire detection solution.

To implement the idea, 4bit ADC & 4bit comparator is constructed.

◦ Firstly, output is takes from potentiometer in replace of LM35 as it was

providing wrong output due to IC's quality control issue.

◦ The output voltage is then compared in array of LM324 comparator.

◦ Reference voltage for comparator is set by 16 resistor voltage divider.

◦ Two 8 to 3 encoder (IC 74HC148) is used to make a 16 to 4 encoder

that outputs binary equivalent of temperature.

◦ Finally, three AND gates are used to pass the output to input of

Comparator circuit.

Additionally, as a part of avoiding false alarm a timer circuit was implemented in order to make the fire alarm system completely reliable.

In our bridge inverter we used PWM technique to convert DC to AC. PWM technique required a reference and a carrier signal. The reference signal is identical to output waveform and has same frequency. The carrier signal is usually triangular and has much higher frequency than the reference signal (20 times greater than the reference signal). It works as modulating signal. In this inverter, we want 50Hz sine wave at output. So, the reference signal is sinusoidal of 50Hz frequency and the carrier signal is triangular of 1000Hz frequency, which is 20 times greater than the reference signal frequency. 

We have built an amplitude modulation and demodulation circuit in this project. In the actual world, amplitude modulation is utilized to send message signals over vast distances with the least amount of distortion. The message signal conveyed, which are often audio and video signals, has a low frequency, which is a significant disadvantage for long-distance transmission. Such signals weaken over extended distances, making reconstruction at the receiving end difficult, if not impossible. The attenuation decreases with increasing signal frequency. Consequently, the message signal is modulated into a high frequency carrier signal to reduce attenuation (usually a sine wave). As a result, the attenuation is much reduced, and the signal may be nearly perfectly recreated following demodulation. 

This is what we have implemented in our project at the most fundamental level, using simply sine, triangle, and rectangular waves with set frequencies as message signals. The same procedure can be applied to a signal with various frequencies, such as voice. A sine oscillator circuit is an electronic circuit that generates a sinusoidal wave output signal. Sine oscillator circuits work by using a feedback loop to produce a stable oscillation at a specific frequency. The feedback loop typically consists of an amplifier and a filter circuit that selects the desired frequency. The amplifier amplifies the signal, and the filter circuit selects the frequency and removes any unwanted harmonics. 

The analysis of this 13-Bus Power System was done using CYME PSAF and MATLAB (Newton-Raphson Method). The system is designed to increase the voltage at all load buses along with the fault analysis of the network to decrease the symmetrical fault current at all load buses. 

BUET, the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, has its own power plant with a capacity of 5.8 MW located at the West Palashi campus. The power plant is made up of four power generation units, including two gas generators of 2 MW capacity each, one gas generator of 1 MW capacity, and a diesel engine of 1 MVA capacity for emergency power supply. The gas generators primarily use natural gas as the main fuel source, which is supplied by the TITAS gas distribution network. 

The power plant is connected to four substations through 400 V underground cables, which then supply electricity to the BUET main campus, residential halls, residential quarters, and Palashi Bazar. The maximum demand for electricity at BUET during the summer is approximately 2.5 MW, while in the winter, the demand drops to around 1 MW. 

The power plant supplies electricity from morning until midnight, with electricity being provided by the Dhaka Power Distribution Company Limited (DPDCL) from midnight until early morning. The conversion between the power plant and DPDCL is carried out automatically by an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) located in each substation. If the demand for electricity at BUET exceeds the capacity of the power plant, the power system will automatically draw power from DPDCL to meet the demand without any interruption in the electricity supply. 

With a view to bringing into force “Vision 2041”, Bangladesh one of the fastest-growing economies of the world, is steadily endorsing, investing and reining in the production, distribution and maintenance of electricity (i.e. power sector). The futile scenario of high demandingness and low production of electricity is no more prevailing in the era of Nuclear, Natural gas and Renewable source-oriented power productions. 

At present, load-shedding and low voltage consumption are not anymore, the by-products of shortage of power, but the actual forefathers of this issue have delegated multiform distribution schemes, overcapacity issues and desynchronization of transmission frequencies. Consequently, the far-off, as well as the suburban inhabitants, are still either the pursuers of ample power consumption or the eluders from blackouts. Looking forward to installing the upcoming mega power projects like the Ruppur or Rampal, it would merely pull off the sprawling of electricity if the existing crises are not figured out. 

This very report summoning the missing harmonies in demand and supply of power acclaims to a consensus that without devising the ongoing turmoil in the power system of the country, it could jeopardize the anticipated resolution in power fields. Hence, the investigated recommendations here are pretty much supposed to settle down the power crises and pave the way for the establishment of Bangladesh as a first-world country.