Key Ideas and Evidence

• Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.

• Determine central ideas (RI) or themes (RL) of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

• Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.

Craft and Structure

• Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.

• Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole.

• Assess how point of view, perspective, or purpose shapes the content and style of a text.

Integration of Ideas and Analysis

• Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.

• Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.

• Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.

Range of Reading and Level of Complexity

• Read and understand complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently, connecting prior knowledge and experiences to text.