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Constructivism
Constructivism
Constructivism is a learning theory created by John Dewey. This theory contains four main principles:
Experiential Learning
Discussion
Interactive
Interdisciplinary
Experiential learning means that learning occurs during an experience, when the student is doing something. Discussion refers to learning as social, students cannot learn alone. Interactive means that learning is active. Interdisciplinary means that learning goes beyond content areas. This theory is effective because students are active in their learning. Constructivism can be used in the classroom through the use of student-centered learning or primairy sources.
Behaviorism
Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a theory related to John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. This theory is based on the idea that learners respond to stimulus. More specifically conditioning. Opoerant conditioning involves associating certain voliuntary behaviors with a reward or punishment. This can be used in schools to motivate students perform desired behaviors and avoid negative behaviors. Classical conditioning involves associating a response to a stimulus. This can be used in schools to create positive or negative attitudes towards activities or subjects.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism
Cognitivism is considered to be a part of "new" social studies. Jean Piaget is created with the cognitive learning theory. This theory states that the learner takes an active role in receiving information. Cognitivism also puts a focus on highter level learning.
Constructivism
Constructivism
Constructivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the active role of learners in building their own understanding. Rather than passively receiving information, learners reflect on their experiences, create mental representations, and incorporate new knowledge into their schemas. This promotes deeper learning and understanding. (simplypsychology.org) Jean Piaget also came up with the idea for Constructivism.
Spiral Learning
Spiral Learning
Spiral Learning is a learning theory created by Jerome Bruner. This theory focuses on learning that returns to the same topics over time. It also describes learning as a lifelong endeavor that never truly ends. It is effective because students are able to return to a topic that they understand and build off of it.
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