Example: Reading or listening to spoken words.

Purely abstract, relying on language without visual or physical context.

Examples: Graphs, maps, diagrams, and charts.

More engaging than verbal symbols but still abstract.

Example: Audio recordings, photographs.

Adds a layer of sensory engagement but remains passive.

Example: Films or videos that bring concepts to life.

More effective because of movement and visual storytelling.

Example: Museum displays or interactive exhibits.

Learners observe real or simulated objects, making it more concrete.

Example: Field trips to factories, farms, or historical sites.

Learners see and experience real-world applications.

Example: A science experiment or a live performance.

Learners watch step-by-step actions that explain concepts.

Example: Role-playing or simulations.

Engages emotions and actions, deepening understanding.

Example: Simulations or models, like a flight simulator.

Realistic but simplified versions of real-world experiences.

Example: Hands-on activities like building, cooking, or experimenting.

Involves active participation, making it the most effective learning method.