Tech Guides

Here’s a comprehensive list of tech skills you can learn, categorized by dominance and difficulty level. You can use this as a roadmap  to know the code path you should follow depending on your interests (e.g., Web dev, App dev, data analyst, cyber-security, etc. ).

CORE TECH SKILLS

🧑‍💻 Programming Languages

• Beginner

  • Python

  • JavaScript

  • HTML & CSS

• Intermediate

  • Java

  • C#

  • TypeScript

• Advanced

  • C/C++

  • Rust

  • Go

  • Kotlin

  • Swift

🌐 Web Development

Front-End:

• HTML, CSS, JavaScript (beginner)

• React, Vue, Svelte (intermediate)

• Tailwind CSS, Bootstrap (styling)

• Next.js, Nuxt.js (advanced)

Back-End

• Node.js, Express.js

• Django (Python), Flask

• Ruby on Rails

• ASP.NET

• Database handling (PostgreSQL, MySQL, MongoDB)

📱 Mobile Development

• Flutter (Dart)

• React Native

• Kotlin (Android)

• Swift (iOS)

• Firebase integration

☁️ Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and AI—over the internet (“the cloud”) instead of relying only on your local computer or physical data centers. 

so, Instead of buying and maintaining expensive hardware and software, you rent what you need from a cloud provider like.

• AWS (Amazon Web Services)

• Microsoft Azure

• Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

• DevOps tools: Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform

• Serverless architecture

📊 Data & Analytics

It’s the process of collecting, storing, processing, and analyzing data using cloud-based tools and infrastructure. 

• SQL (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite)

• Excel / Google Sheets (advanced features)

• Python (pandas, NumPy)

• Data Visualization: Tableau, Power BI, matplotlib, seaborn

• ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools

🧠 Machine Learning & AI

Artificial Intelligence (AI): The broad concept of machines performing tasks that usually require human intelligence (e.g., understanding language, vision, reasoning, decision-making).

Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI where systems learn from data and improve over time without being explicitly programmed.

• Python + scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch

• Deep learning (CNNs, RNNs, Transformers)

• NLP (Natural Language Processing)

• Computer Vision

• MLOps & model deployment

🔐 Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, applications, and data from cyberattacks, theft, or damage. 

• Networking fundamentals

• Linux commands & permissions

• Penetration testing tools: Metasploit, Wireshark, Nmap

• Web security (OWASP Top 10)

• Ethical hacking & certifications (CEH, OSCP)

🛠️ Software Engineering Best Practices

Software engineering is the systematic process of designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications. 

• Git & GitHub

• CI/CD pipelines

• Agile & Scrum methodologies

• Testing (unit, integration, end-to-end)

• Design Patterns & SOLID principles

🎮 Game Development

• Unity (C#)

• Unreal Engine (C++)

• Godot (GDScript)

• 2D/3D graphics, physics engines, shaders

🧩 Other Emerging Tech Areas

• Blockchain & Web3: Solidity, Ethereum, smart contracts

• IoT (Internet of Things): Arduino, Raspberry Pi, MQTT

• Robotics: ROS, hardware integration

• AR/VR: Unity XR Toolkit, OpenXR

🧠 Supporting Skills (Still very important)

• Problem-solving & algorithms

• System design

• Technical writing/documentation

• Communication & collaboration tools (Slack, Notion, Jira)

🔐 1. What is Cybersecurity?

Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting, Computers, Networks, Systems and Data from unauthorized access, theft, damage, or disruption.

🧠 2. Why Is Cybersecurity Important?

• Prevent data breaches and identity theft

• Protect company assets and customer trust

• Avoid financial losses and legal issues

• Ensure systems and services remain available (uptime)

🧱 3. Core Concepts of Cybersecurity

✅ 1. Confidentiality

• Keep data private and only accessible to authorized people.

✅ 2. Integrity

• Ensure data is accurate and hasn’t been tampered with.

✅ 3. Availability

• Keep systems running and accessible when needed.

These 3 are known as the CIA Triad — the foundation of cybersecurity.

🔍 4. Common Cyber Threats

Phishing:

Fake emails or websites tricking users into giving away info

Email pretending to be from your bank.

Malware:

Malicious software (viruses, ransomware, etc.)

Infected file that encrypts your computer

Ransomware:

Malware that locks data until you pay a ransom

WannaCry attack

Social Engineering:

Psychological manipulation to gain access

Someone pretending to be IT support

Man-in-the-Middle

Intercepting communication between two parties

Public Wi-Fi sniffing

DDoS Attack

Overwhelming a website with traffic to crash it

Attack on a government or bank site

🧯 5. Basic Cyber Hygiene (Best Practices)

🧠 For Individuals:

• Use strong passwords (and a password manager)

• Enable 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication)

• Don't click unknown links or open suspicious attachments

• Update software regularly (patch vulnerabilities)

• Lock your screen when stepping away

• Be cautious on public Wi-Fi — use VPNs

🏢 For Organizations:

• Regular employee training

• Enforce access controls (least privilege)

• Back up data frequently

• Use antivirus and firewalls

• Monitor systems for unusual activity

🧰 6. Tools Everyone Should Know

Antivirus:

Detect and remove malware

Password Manager:

Store complex passwords securely

VPN:

Encrypt internet traffic

Firewall:

Block unauthorized access

2FA App (e.g. Google Authenticator):

Adds a second layer of login security

🚨 7. Real-World Examples

• Target (2013): Data breach compromised 40M credit cards.

• Equifax (2017): 147M people’s info exposed due to unpatched system.

• Colonial Pipeline (2021): Ransomware attack caused fuel shortages.

🧠 8. Cybersecurity Awareness Tips

• Think before you click — phishing is the most common attack.

• Verify senders — check the email address, not just the name.

• Report suspicious activity — better safe than sorry.

• Never share your password, even with coworkers.

🎓 9. Optional Next Steps for Learning

For those who want to go deeper:

• Learn about network security and encryption

• Take a beginner-friendly course (like on Cybrary, Coursera, or Udemy)

• Explore ethical hacking and penetration testing basics

📌 Summary Cheat Sheet

Passwords: Use long, unique passwords and 2FA

Emails: Don’t click suspicious links or attachments

Software: Keep everything updated

Behavior: Lock devices, avoid public Wi-Fi risks

Response: Report anything suspicious immediately