Rocks & Friends

About The Rock Cycle and Minerals

The rock cycle is the never-ending cycle in which one rock type changes into another rock type. The three processes that can change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation. Any type of rock can go through a transformation to form another type of rock through the rock cycle process.

There are three types of rocks; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous Rocks are formed through volcanic processes and have two types; extrusive and intrusive. Sedimentary Rocks are formed by sediments that have gone through weathering and erosion and are cemented and compacted into layers. Metamorphic Rocks are formed when sedimentary rocks are compacted and deposited deep within the earth and go through immense heat and pressure.

All rocks are formed by minerals which are a combination of elements forming into physical material. Minerals go through multiple processes that allow them to form actual rocks and go through the rock cycle.

Over time, multiple layers of the Earth have formed, and decaying organisms throughout Earth's history may still lie underneath our surface. These are called fossils.

Igneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks

Minerals

Fossils

Website Links

National Geographic (Sedimentary Rocks)

Explains the process of sedimentary rock formation, and the different variations of sedimentary rock that can be formed.

Rocks and the Rock Cycle Process

A lesson preview explaining the rock cycle process and types of rocks.

Lumen Learning: Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks

A learning page that goes over sedimentary formation processes and characterizations of various forms.

Rock Cycle TextBook

An online textbook page in regards to the rock cycle and its processes.

Activities

Diagram

This activity uses a paper plate, cutouts to glue, scissors, and coloring. Students will learn about the rock cycle through the lesson and have to cut and glue the appropriate cutouts in the correct place. Students will be guided through the initial gluing, but then on their own must make connections between each type of rock and its formation.

Guessing Game

Students are provided with 3 different rocks and will be given time to look at and identify each rock. Students will label them in a row of what they think is which, and must write down their reasonings.

Students are shown a rock and must decide what kind it is based on its characteristics and origins. Students must reason through their explanation to determine their decision.