Leeds, A., Good, J., Schook, M.W., Dennis, P.M., Stoinski, T.S., Willis, M.A., & Lukas, K.E. (2019). Evaluating changes in salivary oxytocin and cortisol following positive reinforcement training in two adult male western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Zoo Biology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21524.
Leeds, A., & Lukas, K.E. (2019). Monitoring the social behavior of a bachelor mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) dyad participating in touchscreen‐mediated cognitive testing. Zoo Biology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21490.
Leeds, A., & Lukas, K.E. (2018). Experimentally evaluating the function of self-directed behaviour in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Animal Welfare. DOI: http://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.27.1.081.
Leeds, A., Dennis, P.M., Lukas, K.E., Stoinski, T.S., Willis, M.A., & Schook, M.W. (2018). Validating the measurement of oxytocin in western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) urine and saliva using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Primates. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-018-0678-3.
Monson, M., Dennis, P.A., Lukas, K.E., Kyker, S., Krynak, K., Burke, D., & Schook, M.W. (2018). The effects of increased hay-to-grain ratio on behavior, metabolic health measures, and fecal bacterial communities in four Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. Zoo Biology. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21434.
Simpson, G. M., Fuller, G., Lukas, K. E., Kuhar, C. W., Fitch‐Snyder, H., Taylor, J., & Dennis, P. M. (2018). Sources of morbidity in lorises and pottos in North American zoos: A retrospective review, 1980–2010. Zoo biology, 37(4), 245-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21429
Wagman, J.D., Lukas, K.E., Dennis, P.M., Willis, M.A., Carroscia, J., Gindlesperger, C., Schook, M.W. (2018) A work-for-food enrichment program increases exploration and decreases stereotypies in four species of bears. Zoo Biology, 37:3-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21391
Lukas, K.E., Leeds, A., Slavin, M.A., Tinka, J., & Kendall, C.J. (2017). Impact of teacher training in conservation education on student learning in primary schools adjacent to Kibale National Park, Uganda. Oryx, 1-8. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605317000965
Breuer, T., Mavinga, F.B., Evans, R., & Lukas, K.E. (2017). Using video and theater to increase knowledge and change attitudes—Why are gorillas important to the world and to Congo? American Journal of Primatology, e22692. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22692
Cless, I.T. & Lukas, K.E. (2017). Variables affecting the manifestation of and intensity of pacing behavior: A preliminary case study in zoo-housed polar bears. Zoo Biology, 36, 307–315. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21379
Leeds, A., Lukas, K. E., Kendall, C. J., Slavin, M. A., Ross, E. A., Robbins, M. M., van Weeghel, D., and Bergl, R. A. (2017). Evaluating the effect of a year-long film focused environmental education program on Ugandan student knowledge of and attitudes toward great apes. American Journal of Primatology, 22673-n/a. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22673
Fuller, G., Raghanti, M. A., Dennis, P. M., Kuhar, C. W., Willis, M. A., Schook, M. W., & Lukas, K. E. (2016). A comparison of nocturnal primate behavior in exhibits illuminated with red and blue light. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 184, 126-134. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.08.011
Baird, B.A., Kuhar, C.W., Amendolagine, L.A., Fuller G.A., Lukas K.E. & Schook M.W. (2016) Program Animal Welfare: Using behavioral and physiological measures to assess the well-being of animals used in education programs in zoos. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 176: 150-162. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2015.12.004
Leeds, A., Elsner, R., & Lukas, K. E. (2016). The effect of positive reinforcement training on an adult female Western lowland gorilla’s (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) rate of abnormal and aggressive behavior. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 3(2):78-87. https://doi.org/10.12966/abc.02.05.2016
Leeds, A., Stone, D., Johnson, B., Less, E., Schoffner, T., Dennis, P., Lukas, K.E., & Wark, J. (2016). Managing repetitive locomotor behaviour and time spent off exhibit in a male black-footed cat (Felis nigripes) through exhibit and husbandry modifications. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 4(2):109-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19227/jzar.v4i2.165
Wark, J.D., Lukas, K.E., Kuhar, C.W., Dennis, P.M., Snowdon, C.T., Willis, M.A., Schook, M.W. (2016). Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite responses to management stressors and social changes in four species of Callitrichine monkeys. Primates, 57(2): 267-277. http://10.1007/s10329-016-0514-6
Cless, I.T., Voss-Hoynes, H.A., Ritzmann, R.E., & Lukas, K.E. (2015). Defining pacing quantitatively: A comparison of gait characteristics between pacing and non-repetitive locomotion in zoo-housed polar bears. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,169:78–85. http://10.1016/j.applanim.2015.04.002
Rog, J.E., Lukas, K.E., & Wark, J.D. (2015). Social and environmental influences on pacing in a female Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus). Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 3(4):151-156. https://doi.org/10.19227/jzar.v3i4.148
Leeds, C.A., Boyer, D., Ross, S.R., & Lukas, K.E. (2015). The effects of group type and young silverbacks on wounding rates in western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) groups in North American zoos. Zoo Biology, 34(4): 296-304. http://doi.org/0.1016/j.applanim.2015.04.002
Fuller, G.A., Lukas, K.E., Kuhar, C.W., & Dennis, P.M. (2014). A retrospective review of mortality in lorises and pottos in North American zoos, 1980-2010. Endangered Species Research, 23:205–217. http://doi.org/10.3354/esr00568
Less, E.H., Bergl, R., Ball, R., Dennis, P.M., Kuhar, C.W., Lavin, S.R., Raghanti, M.A., Wensvoort, J., Willis, M.A., & Lukas, K.E. (2014). Implementing a low-starch biscuit-free diet in zoo gorillas: The impact on behavior. Zoo Biology, 33(1): 63-73. http://DOI:10.1002/zoo.21116
Less, E.H., Bergl, R., Ball, R., Dennis, P.M., Kuhar, C.W., Lavin, S.R., Raghanti, M.A., Wensvoort, J., Willis, M.A., & Lukas, K.E. (2014). Implementing a low-starch biscuit-free diet in zoo gorillas: The impact on health. Zoo Biology, 33(1): 74-80. http://DOI:10.1002/zoo.21115
Lukas, K.E. & Ross, S.R. (2014). Naturalistic exhibits may be more effective than traditional exhibits at improving zoo visitor attitudes toward African apes. Anthrozoos, 27(3):435-455. http://DOI:10.2752/175303714X14023922797904
Wark, J.D., Kuhar, C.W., & Lukas, K.E. (2014). Behavioral thermoregulation in a group of zoo-housed colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza). Zoo Biology, 33(4):257-266. http://DOI:10.1002/zoo.21138
Fuller, G., Kuhar, C.W., Dennis, P.M., & Lukas, K.E. (2013). A survey of husbandry practices for lorisid primates in North American zoos and related facilities. Zoo Biology, 32(1):88-100. http://DOI:10.1002/zoo.21049
Less, E.H., Kuhar, C.W., & Lukas, K.E. (2013). Assessing the prevalence and characteristics of hair-plucking behaviour in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Animal Welfare, 22, 175-183. http://DOI:10.7120/09627286.22.2.175
Mueller, J.E., Dennis, P.M., Willis, M.A., Simone, E.A., & Lukas, K.E. (2013). Seasonal and diurnal variations in African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) behavior in a northern climate zoo. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 26, 304-323. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8qz4857k
Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., & Kuhar, C.W. (2013). Effects of age and group type on social behavior of male western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in North American Zoos. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 147, 316–323. http://DOI:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.07.003
Cassella, C.M., Mills, A., & Lukas, K.E. (2012). Prevalence of regurgitation and reingestion in orangutans housed in North American zoos and an examination of factors influencing its occurrence in a single group of Bornean orangutans. Zoo Biology, 31(5), 609-612. http://DOI:10.1002/zoo.21000
Less, E.H., Kuhar, C.W. Dennis, P.M. & Lukas, K.E. (2012). Assessing inactivity in zoo gorillas using keeper ratings and behavior data. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 137 (1-2): 74-79. http://DOI:10.1016/j.applanim.2012.01.001
Ross, S.R., Melber, L.M., Gillespie, K., & Lukas, K.E. (2012). The impact of modern, naturalistic exhibit design on visitor behavior: A cross-facility comparison. Visitor Studies, 15(1), 3-15. http://DOI:10.1080/10645578.2012.660838
Ross, S.R., Wagner, K.E., Schapiro, S.J., Hau, J., & Lukas, K.E. (2011). Transfer and acclimatization effects on the behavior of two species of African great ape (Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla gorilla) moved to a novel and naturalistic zoo environment. International Journal of Primatology, 32, 99-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-010-9441-3
Fuller, G. & Lukas, K.E. (2010). Case studies of infant development in two guenons, the Wolf’s guenon Cercopithecus poganias wolfi and Allen’s swamp monkey Allenopithecus nigroviridis, at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook, 44, 218-231.
Less, E.H., Lukas, K.E., Kuhar, C.W., & Stoinski, T.S. (2010). Behavioral response of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) to the death of silverbacks in multi-male groups. Zoo Biology, 29, 16-29.
Fuller, G.A., Sadowski, L., Cassella, C., & Lukas, K.E. (2010). Examining deep litter as environmental enrichment for a family group of Wolf’s guenons (Cercopithecus wolfi). Zoo Biology, 29, 626-632.
Ross, S.R., Schapiro, S.J., Hau, J., & Lukas, K.E. (2009). Space use as an indicator of enclosure appropriateness: A novel measure of captive animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 121, 42-50.
Coe, J.C., Scott, D., & Lukas, K.E. (2009). Facility design for bachelor gorilla groups. Zoo Biology, 28, 144-162.
Ross, S.R., Lukas, K.E., Lonsdorf, E.V., Stoinski, T.S., Hare, B., Shumaker, R., & Goodall, J. (2008). Inappropriate use and portrayal of chimpanzees. Science, 319, 1487.
Kuhar, C.W., Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (2006). Gorilla Behavior Index revisited: Age, housing and behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 96(3-4), 315-326.
Ross, S.R. & Lukas, K.E. (2006) Use of space in a non-naturalistic environment by chimpanzees and lowland gorillas. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 96(1-2), 143-152.
Lukas, K.E. & Ross, S.R. (2005). Zoo visitor knowledge and attitudes towards gorillas and chimpanzees. Journal of Environmental Education, 36(4), 33-48.
Ross, S.R., & Lukas, K.E. (2005). Zoo visitor behavior at an African ape exhibit. Visitor Studies Today, 8(1), 4-12.
Stoinski, T.S., Kuhar, C., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (2004). Social dynamics of captive western lowland gorillas living in all-male groups. Behaviour, 141, 169-195.
Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., Kuhar, C.W., & Maple, T.L. (2004). Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of all-male gorilla groups in captivity. Zoo Biology, 23, 189-203.
Crosby, J.Y. & Lukas, K.E. (2004). A case study of primiparous maternal and infant gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) behavior. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 7(3), 145-162.
Hopkins, W.D., Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., Ross, S.R., & Wesley, M.J. (2003). Comparative assessment of handedness for a coordinated bimanual task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117(3), 302-308.
Lukas, K.E., Hoff, M.P., & Maple, T.L. (2003). Gorilla behavior in response to systematic alternation between zoo enclosures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 81(4), 367-386.
Lukas, K.E., Stoinski, T.S., Snyder, R., Bexell, S., & Burks, K. (2003). Nest building in captive Gorilla gorilla gorilla. International Journal of Primatology, 24(1), 103-124.
Lukas, K.E., Barkauskas, R.T., Maher, S.A., Jacobs, B.A., Bauman, J.E., Henderson, A.J., & Calcagno, J. (2002). A longitudinal study of delayed reproductive success in a pair of captive white-cheeked gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys). Zoo Biology, 21, 413-434.
Stoinski, T.S., Czekala, N., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (2002). Urinary androgen and corticoid levels in captive, male western lowland gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla): Age- and social group-related differences. American Journal of Primatology, 56, 73-87.
Ross, S.R. & Lukas, K.E. (2001). The care and management of captive chimpanzees workshop: Managing social behavior. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 4(4), 299-301.
Stoinski, T.S., Hoff, M.P., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (2000). A preliminary behavioral comparison of two captive all-male gorilla groups. Zoo Biology, 20, 27-40.
Lukas, K.E. (1999). A review of nutritional and motivational factors contributing to the performance of regurgitation and reingestion in captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 63(3), 237-249.
Lukas, K.E., Hamor, G., Bloomsmith, M.A., Horton, C.L., & Maple, T.L. (1999). Removing milk from captive gorilla diets: The impact on regurgitation and reingestion (R/R) and other behaviors. Zoo Biology, 18, 515-528.
Lukas, K.E., Marr, M.J., & Maple, T.L. (1998). Teaching operant conditioning at the zoo. Teaching of Psychology, 25(2), 112-116.
Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (1998). A survey of research in North American zoos and aquariums. Zoo Biology, 17, 167-180.
Hoff, M.P., Powell, D.M., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (1997). Individual and social behavior of lowland gorillas in outdoor exhibits compared with indoor holding areas. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 54, 359-370.
Salthouse, T.A., Hambrick, D.Z., Lukas, K.E., & Dell, T.C. (1996). Determinants of adult age differences on synthetic work performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2(4), 305-329.
Lukas K.E. & Stoinski T.S. (2018). Zoos and gorilla conservation: Have we moved beyond a piecemeal approach? In B.A. Minteer, J. Maienschein, and J.P. Collins (Eds): The Ark and Beyond: The Evolution of Zoo and Aquarium Conservation (pp. 142-155) University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
Corr, K., Kosiba, B., Wiech, S., & Lukas, K. (2016). Good Day, Gorillas! E-book published by Unite for Literacy in partnership with Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Accessed on 4/30/16 at: http://www.uniteforliteracy.com/aza/safe
Lukas, K.E. (2013). Blurb for the book, The Paleo Manifesto, by John Durant, 360pp. New York: Harmony Books, Crown Publishing Group, Random house, Inc.
Lukas, K.E. (2008). The status of research in zoos and aquariums. In T. Bettinger and J. Bielitzki (Eds.), The Well-being of Animals in Zoo and Aquarium-Sponsored Research: Putting Best Practices Forward (pp. 7-24). Greenbelt, MD: Scientists Center for Animal Welfare.
Stoinski, T.S., Lukas, K.E., & Hutchins, M. (2008). Zoos and conservation: Moving beyond a piecemeal approach. In T.S. Stoinski, H.D. Steklis, and P.T. Mehlman (Eds.), Conservation in the 21st Century: Gorillas as a Case Study (pp. 315-326). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Lukas, K.E. (2003). [Review of the book Gorilla Biology. A Multidisciplinary Perspective]. International Journal of Primatology, 24(6), 1363-1365.
Lukas, K.E. (1999). From food to fitness. [Review of the book Foraging for Survival]. Zoo Biology, 18(4), 355-357.
Fuller, G.A., Raghanti, M.A., Dennis, P.M., Kuhar, C.W., Willis, M.A., Schook, M.W., & Lukas, K.E. (2017). Behavioral and hormonal impacts of artificial night lighting for a nocturnal primate, Perodicticus potto. Animal Keepers Forum, 44(1,2): 26-32.
Lukas, K.E., Elsner, R., Long, S. (2017). Population Analysis & Breeding and Transfer Plan for Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) AZA Species Survival Plan® Green Program. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 91 pp.
Leeds, A., Good, J., Schook, M., Dennis, P., & Lukas, K. (2016). Training an adult male western lowland gorilla for the voluntary administration of a nasal spray. Animal Keepers Forum, 43(6): 178-181.
Kuhar, C.W., Kornak, A.M., Lukas, K.E. (2015). Beyond Animal Welfare Science. M. Gusset & G. Dick (Eds.) WAZA Magazine (special issue on Animal Welfare) 16:30-33.
Lukas, K.E., Elsner, R., Long, S. (2015). Population Analysis & Breeding and Transfer Plan for Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) AZA Species Survival Plan® Green Program. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 79 pp.
Lukas, K.E., Elsner, R., Long, S., Groome, C. (2011). Population Analysis and Breeding Plan for Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 77 pp.
Fuller, G., Dennis, P., Kuhar, C., & Lukas, K.E.. (2010). Validating the use of accelerometry for behavioral monitoring of a zoo-housed pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) and potto (Perodicticus potto). American Journal of Primatology 72(Suppl.), 41-41.
Brady, M., Rehling, M., Mueller, J., & Lukas, K. (2010). Giant Pacific Octopus behavior and enrichment. International Zoo News, 57(3), 134-145.
Lukas, K.E., Wharton, D., Long, S., & Oiler, A. (2009). Population Analysis and Breeding Plan for Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 76 pp.
Lukas, K. (2008). L.A. and beyond: Species Survival Plans take a cooperative approach to ensuring the health and welfare of endangered animals. Zoo View (Winter), 6-7.
Lukas, K.E., Wharton, D., Long, S., & Bier, S. (2007). Population Analysis and Breeding Plan for Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 68 pp.
Mueller, J., Sironen, A., & Lukas, K. (2007). Infant development and behaviour in the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox). Small Carnivore Conservation, 37, 11-17.
Lukas, K., Stoinski, T., Kuhar, C., & Wharton, D. (2006). Boy, oh boy: Why “The old boys’ club” means something entirely different these days. Connect (October), pp. 24-25, 34.
Fuller, G.A., & Lukas, K.E. (2005). Observations of captive siamangs at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. International Zoo News, 52(7), 387-394.
Fuller, G., Schoffner, T., & Lukas, K. (2005). Report from the New World Primate Workshop: A Focus on Cebids (September 30 – October 1, 2005). Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio.
Lukas, K.E., Eves, H., & Bailey, N. (2003). Working with the Bushmeat Crisis Task Force: Dedicating yourself and your institution to action. Proceedings of the 29th National Conference of the American Association of Zoo Keepers (AAZK), p. 177-180. Topeka, KS: AAZK, Inc.
Lukas, K.E., & Schoffner, T. (2003). Report from the 1st Annual Great Lakes Regional Gorilla Workshop (November 6-7, 2002). Cleveland Metroparks Zoo; Cleveland, Ohio.
McCarthy, S.T., Lukas, K.E., Sironen, A.L., & Winkler, D. (2003). Fossa behavior and exhibit use at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. International Zoo News, 50(7), 396-406.
Lukas, K.E., Gramieri, J., Rosenthal, M., & Ross, M.R. (2001). The role of keepers in behavioral research projects: The curator’s perspective. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings (pp. 45-53). Wheeling, West Virginia: AZA.
Ross, S.R. & Lukas, K.E. (2001). Exhibit use by great apes as part of a post-occupancy evaluation. American Journal of Primatology, 54, (1), 31.
Ross, S.K., Barger, N., Ganas, J., Lukas, K.E., Nichols, C., Megna, N., Stoinski, T., & Maestripieri, D. (2001). Maternal scaffolding of offspring behavior in Western lowland gorillas. American Journal of Primatology, 54 (1), 31.
Lukas, K.E., Maher, S.A., Jacobs, B.A., & Henderson, A.J. (2000). Assessing the effect of visitor presence on reproductive behavior in gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys) at Lincoln Park Zoo. American Journal of Primatology, 51, Supplement 1, 70.
Stoinski, T.S., Czekala, N., Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (2000). Urinary cortisol and testosterone in male gorillas (Gorilla g. gorilla) housed in heterosexual and all-male groups. American Journal of Primatology, 51, Supplement 1, 94.
Lukas, K.E., Hamor, G., Bloomsmith, M.A., Horton, C.L., & Maple, T.L. (1998). Behavioral effects of removing milk from the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) diet at Zoo Atlanta. American Journal of Primatology, 45(2), 193.
Lukas, K.E., & Maple, T.L. (1997). Comparative psychology and primate conservation: The synergistic relationship between the zoo and university. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings (pp. 537-543). Wheeling, West Virginia: AZA.
Lukas, K.E., Hoff, M.P., & Maple, T.L. (1995). Rotating gorilla troops through multiple exhibits at Zoo Atlanta’s Ford African Rainforest: A behavioral evaluation. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Conference Proceedings (pp. 352-354). Wheeling, West Virginia: AZA.
Gold, K.C., Lukas, K., & Maple, T.L. (1994). Behavioral profiles of captive gorillas and their utility as a management tool. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings (pp. 31-35). Wheeling, West Virginia: AZA.