The n tranh (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}Vietnamese: [n aj], .mw-parser-output .vi-nom{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Nom Na Tong","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","Han-Nom Kai","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinA","HanaMinB","HanaMin","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)",sans-serif}.mw-parser-output .vi-nom.ext{font-family:"Han-Nom Gothic","Han-Nom Ming","Han-Nom Minh","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP2","BabelStone Han","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU HKSCS-ExtB","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","HanaMinB","Han-Nom Kai",sans-serif}) or n thp lc[1] is a plucked zither of Vietnam, based to the Chinese guzheng. The same root is also Japanese koto, the Korean gayageum and ajaeng, the Mongolian yatga, the Sundanese kacapi and the Kazakh jetigen. It has a long soundbox with the steel strings, movable bridges and tuning pegs positioned on its top.

The Vietnamese 's n tranh came from the Chinese Chaozhou zheng.In the late 13th and early 14th centuries, the n tranh had 14 strings.[2][3] Between the late 15th and the 18th centuries, the number of strings of the n tranh increased to fifteen and the instrument was called thp ng huyn cm.[2] In the 19th centuries, the n tranh with 16 strings appeared and had become the standard version until the late 1970s and early 1980s.[2]


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The body of the n tranh is between 104 and 120 cm in length. The soundbox consists of a curved top plate, a flat bottom plate, and six side-pieces. The top and bottom plates are usually made of Paulownia wood.[1] The side-pieces as well as the bridges, and tuning pegs and the two small legs are made of hard wood.[1] The movable bridges have the shape of the letter V turned upside down, and their sizes varies according to their position: The one for the lowest string is the largest. The higher their position, the smaller their size is. The strings are made of steel and have varying diameters. They are tuned to the pentatonic scale. Performers usually wear picks made of metal, plastic, or tortoise-shell to pluck the strings.

The standard version of the n tranh had 16 strings and had been used between the nineteenth century and the late 1980s.[2] In the late 1950s, South Vietnamese master musician and instrumental designer Nguyn Vnh Bo (b. 1918)[6] began to design and construct instruments with 17, 19 and 21 strings. By the late 1980s, the 17-stringed n tranh has become the standard version of the instrument used throughout Vietnam.[2] Larger instruments with 22, 24 and 25 strings have also been made in the 1980s and 1990s.

Performers pluck the strings with the right hand and bend the strings with the left hand to create a wide range of microtonal and tonal ornaments.In traditional music, performers use 2 or 3 fingers (thumb and index, or thumb, index and middle fingers) to pluck the strings. In a number of new compositions, as many as four or five fingers may be used to pluck the strings. In these new works, the left hand may also be used to enable the performer to play two simultaneous parts. Sometimes, n tranh will play with bow, the player traditionally bowing the strings to the right of the bridges while the left hand varied pitch and vibrato by pressing the strings on the other side of the bridges.

The n tranh originally had 16 strings, but in the 1950s Master Nguyn Vnh Bo increased it to 17 strings. Today instruments with 17 strings are more prominent. I personally own a 17-string n tranh and have shared below a picture depicting the instrument.

The cost of an instrument is $300-$450 for an average one, and a professional instrument ranges from $600 to $1,200. My source is my n tranh instructor, who moved from San Jose, Calif., several years ago but still has family over on the west coast.

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Tranh tn gio l mt th loi ngh thut th gic ph bin trong lch s, th hin cc ch  tn gio v thn thoi. Cc bc tranh tn gio thng c s dng  gio dc, truyn gio v truyn cm hng cho tn .

Cc ha s s dng cc sc t  to ra mu sc,[16] v vy "mu xanh lam" i vi mt ha s c th l bt k sc  no ca mu xanh lam. Khng ging nh trong m nhc,  ngha tm l v biu tng ca mu sc khng phi l iu hon ton cn thit trong hi ha. Mu sc ch lm tng thm  ngha tim nng ca mt bc tranh, nhng nhn thc v mt bc tranh l rt ch quan.

K thut ny l k thut thng thng cho cc bc tranh bng Hy Lp v La M c i, v vn c s dng trong truyn thng biu tng Chnh thng gio phng ng.

Mu nc l mt phng php v tranh trong  sn c lm t cc ht sc t c treo trong cht mang ha tan trong nc. Cht liu truyn thng v ph bin nht cho tranh mu nc l giy; cc cht liu h tr khc bao gm giy ci, giy v cy, nha, giy da, vi, g v vi canvas.

 ng , hi ha mu nc bng mc c gi l tranh bt lng hoc tranh cun. Trong hi ha Trung Quc, Hn Quc v Nht Bn, n l cht liu ch o, thng l n sc en hoc nu. n , Ethiopia v cc quc gia khc cng c truyn thng lu i. V tranh bng ngn tay vi sn mu nc c ngun gc t Trung Quc.

Bch ha l mt loi tranh tng c v trn va trt trn tng hoc trn nh. T "fresco" xut pht t ting  "affresco", c ngha l ti/sng, hm  va t. Bch ha thng c thc hin vo thi Phc hng v cc thi k trc .

Sn du l mt k thut v tranh s dng cc sc t c lin kt vi du kh, chng hn nh du ht lanh. Du kh l mt loi cht bo c ngun gc t thc vt hoc ng vt, khi c trn vi oxi trong khng kh s cng li.

Acrylic l mt loi sn kh nhanh c cha sc t c huyn ph trong nh tng polymer acrylic. Sn acrylic c th c pha long vi nc nhng tr nn khng thm nc khi kh. Ty thuc vo lng sn c pha long (vi nc) hoc c sa i bng gel acrylic, cht trung gian hoc bt nho, bc tranh acrylic hon thin c th ging vi tranh mu nc hoc tranh sn du, hoc c cc c im ring bit khng th t c vi cc cht trung gian khc. S khc bit thc t chnh gia hu ht cc loi sn acrylic v sn du l thi gian kh vn c. Sn du cho php nhiu thi gian hn  pha trn mu sc v p dng cc lp men ng u ln cc lp sn bn di. c im kh chm ca sn du ny c th c coi l mt li th cho mt s k thut nht nh nhng cng c th cn tr kh nng lm vic nhanh chng ca ha s.

Tc , tnh d di chuyn v  bn cng lm cho sn phun l mt phng tin graffiti ph bin. Vo cui nhng nm 1970, ch k v bc tranh tng ca nhng ngi vit graffiti ng ph tr nn tinh t hn, v mt phong cch c o  pht trin nh mt yu t ca phng tin phun sn v tc  cn thit cho cng vic bt hp php. Ngy nay, nhiu ngi coi graffiti v ngh thut ng ph l mt hnh thc ngh thut c o v sn phun c sn xut c bit dnh cho ngh s graffiti. Mt stencil bo v b mt, ngoi tr hnh dng c th cn sn. Stencil c th c mua di dng ch ci c th di chuyn, c t hng di dng logo ct chuyn nghip hoc ct tay bi cc ngh s.

Tranh k thut s l mt phng php to ra mt tc phm ngh thut (bc tranh) bng k thut s hoc mt k thut  to ra ngh thut k thut s trn my tnh. L mt phng php to ra mt tc phm ngh thut, n p dng cc phng tin hi ha truyn thng nh sn acrylic, sn du, mc, mu nc, v.v. v p dng sc t ln cc cht liu truyn thng, chng hn nh vi canvas dt, giy, polyester, v.v. bng cch s dng phn mm iu khin robot cng nghip hoc thit b vn phng (my in). Nh mt k thut, n  cp n mt chng trnh phn mm  ha my tnh s dng mt khung v o v hp v o gm c, mu v cc dng c khc. Hp o cha nhiu dng c khng tn ti bn ngoi my tnh, to cho tc phm ngh thut k thut s c v ngoi v cm gic khc bit so vi tc phm ngh thut c to ra theo cch truyn thng.[46] e24fc04721

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