By the middle of the 18th century, the 32-point system had been further extended by using half- and quarter-points to give a total of 128 directions.[7]These fractional points are named by appending, for example .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1/4east, 1/2east, or 3/4east to the name of one of the 32 points. Each of the 96 fractional points can be named in two ways, depending on which of the two adjoining whole points is used, for example, N3/4E is equivalent to NbE1/4N. Either form is easily understood, but alternative conventions as to correct usage developed in different countries and organisations. "It is the custom in the United States Navy to box from north and south toward east and west, with the exception that divisions adjacent to a cardinal or inter-cardinal point are always referred to that point."[8] The Royal Navy used the additional "rule that quarter points were never read from a point beginning and ending with the same letter."[9]

The table below shows how each of the 128 directions are named. The first two columns give the number of points and degrees clockwise from north. The third gives the equivalent bearing to the nearest degree from north or south towards east or west. The "CW" column gives the fractional-point bearings increasing in the clockwise direction and "CCW" counterclockwise. The final three columns show three common naming conventions: No "by" avoids the use of "by" with fractional points. Colour coding shows whether each of the three naming systems matches the "CW" or "CCW" column.


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The traditional compass rose of eight winds (and its 16-wind and 32-wind derivatives) was invented by seafarers in the Mediterranean Sea during the Middle Ages (with no obvious connection to the twelve classical compass winds of the ancient Greeks and Romans). The traditional mariner's wind names were expressed in Italian, or more precisely, the Italianate Mediterranean lingua franca common among sailors in the 13th and 14th centuries, which was principally composed of Genoese (Ligurian), mixed with Venetian, Sicilian, Provenal, Catalan, Greek, and Arabic terms from around the Mediterranean basin.

This Italianate patois was used to designate the names of the principal winds on the compass rose found in mariners' compasses and portolan charts of the 14th and 15th centuries. The "traditional" names of the eight principal winds are:

Local spelling variations are far more numerous than listed, e.g. Tramutana, Gregale, Grecho, Sirocco, Xaloc, Lebeg, Libezo, Leveche, Mezzodi, Migjorn, Magistro, Mestre, etc. Traditional compass roses will typically have the initials T, G, L, S, O, L, P, and M on the main points. Portolan charts also colour-coded the compass winds: black for the eight principal winds, green for the eight half-winds, and red for the sixteen quarter-winds.

Navigation texts dating from the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties in China use a 24-pointed compass with named directions. These are based on the twelve Earthly Branches, which also form the basis of the Chinese zodiac. When a single direction is specified, it may be prefaced by the characterĀ  (meaning single) or .

I'm working on a project where we need to know the direction (compass) of a street.Actually, we only have a GeoPoint (lat;long and heading) we are planning on using reverseGeocoding to tell where is it (which street?); and then we 'd like to know if he's heading in the wrong way.

Google Maps, OSM, Mapquest they all display an arrow over the street which indicates its direction. I guess they draw them dinamically, so they have to know their angle. That's what I'd like to know (if possible)

I'm thinking maybe they cut the street into little pieces and then they said "this track of the street goes from (lat1;lng1) to (lat2;lng2)" that would give that track a direction, an so they can draw that arrow. Also not every street is a straight line, so its direction is not only one, it depends on which portion of the street you are in.

Then if the beeline distance of those two points is similar to the route distance he is correctly on the track. If the calculated route is more than 2 times the length of the beeline distance then the street is a oneway and he is driving in the wrong direction. See this route (7 meter long) vs. this route (145m). As a nice side effect you also get the street name in the instructions.

Btw, getHeading() is for determining what direction the aircraft was facing when the currently displayed aerial image was taken. AFAIK, any given point that has aerial image mode available usually has 4 views about 90 deg apart from each other, but they don't always line up with the cardinal directions. You change the view by calling setHeading().

Hmm. Well the last couple times I tested it I was walking from 1000m and 500m in a straight line heading north towards a node, with the arrow pointing to the top of the device (Which is supposed to be your direction of travel) and the north indicator was 180 degrees at the bottom.

The type of compass that is just a strip and moves left/right as the character rotates on screen? So like facing .25 in rotation would be North and so on from there. I don't need waypoints indicated, just have the direction be in the middle when the character is facing that direction.

The key is that pico-8's quirk of using 0-1 as the range for sin and cos means that the direction can be directly used as the fraction of the length to shift the bar. From there you just need to know that the total length of the bar would be twice what's shown on screen if you want the two perpendicular directions to show too.

@kimiyoribaka - Your code worked great! I was able to transpose it a bit into the following (~150 tokens). I'm going to connect this into my game and see how it feels. There's a HUD UI already so I hope the compass doesn't make it too cluttered.

I checked by downloading the unprocessed image and the direction is indeed absent from the EXIF of the image. So I tried just taking a photo with the Open Camera app, and surprise : there is a direction stored in the EXIF, and it looked pretty good. So should I dump the Mapillary app altogether or is there an easy fix for that ?

Maybe it is related to the problem that standard Google Camera does not record compass direction in the EXIF tag, whereas Samsung Cameras do record the direction? The solution would be for the app to just record its own direction.

What I found was once an azimuth has been set on the phone and you start towards the cache I have a tendency to drop the phone down by my side while walking. When the phone was brought back up to view and held parallel to the ground the direction would be 90 or 180 degrees off. If you find this happening and while holding the phone parallel to the ground lift the top edge of the phone skyward. As you lift the top edge at about 30 degrees you will see the azimuth return to the correct direction. Don't ask me why but all the testing I have done causes it to correct itself. This works if the azimuth is off by 90 degrees to the left or right and also if it is off by 180 degrees.

The distance would count down as I approached the cache but the arrow would point in a completely different direction. My problem seemed to be with the Geocaching app not the phone, as the compass worked fine with other apps such as Adventure Lab or Wherigo.

I just bought a new I Phone and I can say the tilt correction while navigating to a cache works. If you are navigating to a cache move the phone as held in your hand from the horizontal the compass will revert to a north orientation display. If you bring the phone back to a horizontal position and tilt it slightly upward the asthma is displayed correctly. With the newer phone that correction is instantaneously.

I'm accustomed to using a compass to find caches, but recently my compass has started pointing in the opposite direction of the cache. I can watch the distance count down, but the pointer is unreliable. Mostly it points opposite of where the cache is, but sometimes it fluctuates. Anybody else have this problem and figure out how to fix it? I'm leaning toward believing it's the iPhone 7's fault, but I'm hoping someone else has figured out a fix. I have iOS 10.3.2.

My iPhone SE compass points in the wrong direction sometimes.. My friend has an iPhone 7 and hers points in the wrong direction at different times than mine does. Mine is fairly reliable in the mornings and hers works better in the afternoon. No telling when it happens, but it seems the more I cache the more it points backwards. I've had to use the sun and pictures to determine the location of some caches because all I use is the iPhone. I even tried shutting down the iPhone and restarting which sometimes helps. But that trick doesn't work on my friend's phone. It is aggravating and I wish it would work like the old program that is no longer supported.

I have an iPhone SE, compass problems appeared about a year ago and after throwing everything at it, eventually went away. This time the symptom is more annoying and persistent. When I go into compass mode, North is always pointed at the top of the phone, and the orange arrow appears at the correct relationship to North (but not toward the cache unless I actually am facing North). Those positions are locked, rotating the phone does nothing, although the distance to cache will change. I have tried rebooting the phone, reinstalling the app, Location cycled OFF/ON, compass calibration cycled OFF/ON, cycling to and from Never Use, waving phone in a Mobius Twist. The Apple Compass that came with the phone does the same, even after going through the same troubleshooting. I downloaded Commander Compass, and it also shows North at the top of the phone when I open it. Oddly enough, however, it then acts 'compass-like', spinning to keep North in that direction, wrong though it may be. And no, I do not have in a metal case, the phone acts the same with no case. ff782bc1db

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