The Windows 7 operating system provides built-in support for sensor devices. This includes support for location sensors, such as GPS devices. As part of this support, the Windows Sensor and Location platform provides a standard way for device manufacturers to expose sensor devices to software developers and consumers. At the same time, the platform gives developers a standardized API and device driver interface (DDI) to work with sensors and sensor data.
Sensors come in many configurations and, from a certain perspective, almost anything that provides data about physical phenomena can be called a sensor. Although we typically think of sensors as hardware devices, logical sensors can also provide information through emulation of sensor functionality in software or firmware. Also, a single hardware device can contain multiple sensors.
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The Windows Sensor and Location platform organizes sensors into categories, which represent broad classes of sensor devices, and types, which represent specific kinds of sensors. For example, a sensor in a video game controller that detects the position and movement of a player's hand (perhaps for a video bowling game) would be categorized as an Orientation sensor, but its type would be 3-D Accelerometer. In code, Windows represents categories and types by using globally unique identifiers (GUIDs), many of which are predefined. Device manufacturers can create new categories and types by defining and publishing new GUIDs, when it is required.
Location devices make up one especially interesting category. By now, most people are familiar with global positioning systems (GPS). In Windows, a GPS sensor is part of the Location category. The Location category could include other sensor types. Some of these sensor types are software based, such as an IP resolver that provides location information based on an Internet address, a mobile phone tower triangulator that determines location based on nearby towers, or a Wi-Fi network location provider that reads location information from the connected wireless network hub.
Sensor manufacturers can create device drivers to connect sensors with Windows 7. Sensor device drivers are implemented by using the Windows Portable Devices (WPD) driver model, which is based on the Windows User Mode Driver Framework (UMDF).Many device drivers have been written by using these frameworks. Because these technologies are established, experienced device driver programmers will find writing a sensor driver to be a familiar task. The sensor DDI uses specific UMDF and WPD data types and interfaces, and also defines sensor-specific WPD commands and parameters, where it is required. For more information about creating sensor device drivers, see the Windows Driver Kit.
The Sensor API enables C++ developers to create sensor-based programs by using a set of COM interfaces. The API defines interfaces to perform common sensor programming tasks that include managing sensors by category, type, or ID, managing sensor events, working with individual sensors and sensor collections, and working with sensor data. The Windows SDK includes header files, documentation, samples, and tools to help guide software developers on how to use sensors in Windows programs. This documentation describes the Sensor API.
Built on the Sensor API, the Location API provides an easy way to retrieve data about geographic location while protecting user privacy. The Location API provides its functionality through a set of COM interfaces that represent objects. These objects can be used by programmers who understand how to use COM through the C++ programming language, or in scripting languages, such as JScript. Scripting support gives easy access to location data for projects that run in the Local Computer zone, such as gadgets. The Windows SDK includes header files, documentation (including scripting reference documentation), samples, and tools to help guide Web and software developers on how to use location information in their programs.
Windows 7 includes a control panel that lets computer administrators enable or disable sensors system-wide or for each user. Because some sensors can expose sensitive data, this user interface gives administrators control over whether all programs have access to each sensor for each user. Users can also view sensor properties and change the sensor description that is displayed in the user interface.
The Control Panel also provides a Default Location page to enable users to provide their location. When no sensor is available, the platform will use the user-provided location. Users can provide civic address fields, which include the street address, city, state or province, and country or region.
Starting with Windows 7, Microsoft introduced a built-in platform which supports sensor devices, including location sensors. As part of this support, the Windows Sensor and Location Platform provides a standard way for the apps to connect GPS/GNSS hardware. The platform gives developers a standardized API to work with sensors and sensor data. And most of the current Windows applications(e.g. Windows Maps) no longer access GPS hardware directly. Instead, they access location API.
GNSS100L and GNSS200L GNSS receivers are using ublox GNSS chip, they natively support Windows Sensor API and Windows Location API. In the paragraphs below, I will demo how to connect a GNSS200L receiver for Windows Maps in Windows 10 OS.
If using "location api" input, there is a difference story than "sensor api". You can see data streams into Text Console window, but not other windows(e.g. skyview). Those windows do NOT retrieve data from location platfrom api, but directly from GNSS receiver api.
This happens because the U-Blox sensor driver sends specific messages that are not being read correctly. This causes some software applications using the GPS COM port to not see the connection correctly.
To fix this behavior, the U-Blox driver version 2.30 or higher needs to be uninstalled and replaced with either the U-Blox version 2.24 (On the Dell Support site for Windows 7 & Windows 10) or rolled back to the "USB serial device" driver (Windows 10 only).
I need to develop an application that would get geographical coordinates from different sources and then update the Windows system location with these. (These sources could be NMEA streams, web service, or even manual inputs).
If I understood correctly, based on what I read on the Microsoft website (here and here) and over the Internet, I would need to develop my own Windows sensor driver to update this location of the system.
There are many methods that a software developer could use to access GPS and other location data in Microsoft Windows 10 such as on the Mesa 3 and Mesa 2 or from the Geode. This article describes some of the various methods.
For newer software or web applications, Microsoft recommends using Windows.Devices.Geolocation or the W3C Geolocation programming functions (API). Though by doing this, you may encounter issues as described in our "OS Location Services vs. Direct Connection to a GPS Receiver" article. If interested in this method, additional information is provided at the following web page.
Alternatively, you can possibly gain access to COM/Serial ports in UWP (Universal Windows Platform) to obtain the raw NMEA stream (instead of using a Location Sensor driver) as described in the following web articles.
If using the built-in U-Blox NEO M8N or M8T receiver in one of our rugged handheld computers, you can find location sensor by tapping and holding on Start, selecting Device Manager, and then looking under "Sensors" for "U-Blox GNSS Location Sensor." Or if needed, we also provide an alternative "legacy" virtual serial port interface as can similarly be seen in Device Manager under "Ports (COM & LPT)" as "U-Blox Virtual COM Port" which should be able to support any standard baud rate.
Once you have direct access to NMEA data, you can then use RMS data such as from the GST string to achieve a better indication of statistical location accuracy. If you have limited or no access to real-time data from a physical GNSS receiver such as the Geode, some previously recorded samples are as follows. The first sample shows the default NMEA-0183 version 4.1 data that comes out from the Geode with the default settings applied. The second sample shows only the GST and RRE messages enabled for statistical accuracy information. Both samples end with the custom battery level message.
The Geode GNS3 contains the Hemisphere Phantom 34 OEM receiver. The Geode GNS1 and GNS2 contain the Hemisphere OEM P206 receiver. The Hemisphere GNSS Technical Reference Manual (version 3.0, Dec 30, 2019) shows the parsing of each NMEA message, including GST and RRE which can help you with achieving sub-meter horizontal positioning accuracies.
Most legacy GPS software applications were written for receivers which followed the NMEA-0183 version 2.3 standard. If your GPS software will not fully recognize NMEA 4.1 sentences, please see the following web page.
Microsoft has changed the way Windows interacts with GPS sensors (and incidentally other devices) with Windows 8. How the new sensor interface works is dependent on whether Windows was updated from a previous version or is a fresh installation. With updates some Vista and Windows 7 drivers will continue to work; there is of course no guarantee that a subsequent Windows update will not cause a driver to fail.
Beware: Windows can and will use other location services such as WiFi and Cellular if the GPS is not available. This may lead to navigation errors. There are three options: generate a virtual network device, generate a virtual serial device, or use Bluetooth.
GeolocationTCP is a small GPS Application that uses the Windows 8.x/10 Location/Sensor API on tablets and computers with a GNSS Sensor to receive the NMEA 0183 GRMC Sentence on a virtual network port, so that OpenCPN can establish a connection to receive GPS position information. This has been tested and confirmed to work. 152ee80cbc
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