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The report calls for all nations to accelerate economy-wide, low-carbon development transformations. Countries with greater capacity and responsibility for emissions will need to take more ambitious action and support developing nations as they pursue low-emissions development growth.

The Emissions Gap Report is UNEP's spotlight report launched annually in advance of the annual Climate negotiations. The EGR tracks the gap between where global emissions are heading with current country commitments and where they ought to be to limit warming to 1.5C. Each edition explores ways to bridge the emissions gap.

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In addition to carrying out its scientific mission, the NIH exemplifies and promotes the highest level of public accountability. To that end, the Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools provides access to reports, data, and analyses of NIH research activities, including information on NIH expenditures and the results of NIH supported research.

Volume 1 of the report highlights some of the conditions children endured at these schools and raises important questions about the short- and long-term consequences of the federal Indian boarding school system on American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian communities.

The COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting closures of federal facilities reflect the need for further investigation. The report identifies next steps that will be taken in a second volume, aided by a new $7 million investment from Congress through fiscal year 2022. Recommendations by Assistant Secretary Newland include producing a list of marked and unmarked burial sites at federal Indian boarding schools and an approximation of the total amount of federal funding used to support the federal Indian boarding school system, and further investigation to determine the legacy impacts of the school system on American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian communities today.

The potential for the increased use of stablecoins as a means of payments raises a range of concerns, related to the potential for destabilizing runs, disruptions in the payment system, and concentration of economic power. The PWG report highlights gaps in the authority of regulators to reduce these risks.

As discussed in the report, in addition to the risks noted above, stablecoins may also raise investor protection, market integrity, and illicit finance concerns. To the extent activity related to digital assets falls under the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the SEC and CFTC have broad enforcement, rulemaking, and oversight authorities that may address certain of these concerns. To prevent misuse of stablecoins and other digital assets by illicit actors, Treasury will continue leading efforts at the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) to encourage countries to implement international AML/CFT standards and pursue additional resources to support supervision of domestic AML/CFT regulations.

While the scope of this report is limited to stablecoins, work on digital assets and other innovations related to cryptographic and distributed ledger technology is ongoing throughout the Administration. The Administration and the financial regulatory agencies will continue to collaborate closely on ways to foster responsible financial innovation, promote consistent regulatory approaches, and identify and address potential risks that arise from such innovation.

The Trustees of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds report on the current and projected financial status of the two programs each year. This document summarizes the findings of the 2023 reports. As in prior years, we found that the Social Security and Medicare programs both continue to face significant financing issues.

Since last year's reports, projected long-term finances of the OASI and the OASDI Trust Funds worsened due to the Trustees revising down the expected levels of gross domestic product (GDP) and labor productivity by about 3 percent over the projection window. The Trustees made this change as they reassessed their expectations for the economy in light of recent developments, including updated data on inflation and U.S. economic output.

OASI and DI are financed almost exclusively by payroll taxes, income tax on Social Security benefits, and interest on trust fund asset reserves.OASI and DI receive most of their income from payroll taxes. Payroll tax contributions consist of taxes paid by employees, employers, and self-employed workers. Self-employed workers pay the equivalent of the combined employer and employee tax rates.Table 2: 2023 SOCIAL SECURITY PAYROLL TAX CONTRIBUTION RATES(in percent) OASIDITotal OASDI Employees 5.30 0.90 6.20 Employers 5.30 0.90 6.20 Self-employed workers 10.60 1.80 12.40Current law establishes payroll taxes for OASI and DI, which apply to earnings up to an annual maximum ($160,200 in 2023). The maximum usually increases each year as the national average wage increases.Who Pays Income Tax on Their Social Security Benefits?

Social Security beneficiaries with incomes above $25,000 for individuals (or $32,000 for married couples filing jointly) pay income taxes on up to 50 percent of their benefits, with the revenues going to the OASI and DI Trust Funds. Those with incomes above $34,000 (or $44,000 for married couples filing jointly) pay income taxes on up to 85 percent of benefits, with the additional revenues from taxation of more than the first 50 percent going to the HI Trust Fund.HI FinancingMedicare HI receives financing from payroll taxes, income tax on Social Security benefits, premiums, and interest on trust fund asset reserves.HI receives most of its income from payroll taxes. Federal law establishes the payroll tax rates for HI.Table 3: 2023 MEDICARE HI PAYROLL TAX CONTRIBUTION RATES(in percent) HI Employees 1.45 Employers 1.45 Self-employed workers 2.90Unlike OASI and DI, there is no annual maximum on earnings subject to the HI tax. There is an additional 0.9 percent HI tax on earnings over $200,000 for individual tax return filers and over $250,000 for joint tax return filers.HI also receives income from monthly premiums paid by or on behalf of individuals who are voluntarily enrolled in Medicare Part A.SMI FinancingMedicare SMI receives financing from Government contributions, premiums paid by enrollees, payments from States, and interest on reserves. For SMI, Government contributions, which are set prospectively based on projected program costs for the year, represent the largest source of income. Part B and Part D enrollees pay monthly premiums3 that cover most of the costs that the Government contributions do not cover. Under current law, Part B and Part D premium amounts increase as the estimated costs of those programs rise. In 2023, the Part B standard monthly premium is $164.90. Individual tax return filers whose modified adjusted gross income exceeds $97,000 and joint return filers who exceed $194,000 must pay the standard premium plus an income-related adjustment amount. In 2023, that additional amount ranges from $65.90 to $395.60 per month.In 2023, the Part D base beneficiary premium is $32.74. However, actual premium amounts charged to Part D beneficiaries depend on the specific plan they have selected. The actual amount for the basic benefit is projected to average around $32 each month for standard coverage in 2023. If Part D enrollees have modified adjusted gross income that exceeds the same threshold amounts listed just above for Part B, they must pay an income-related adjustment amount. That additional amount ranges from $12.20 to $76.40 per month in 2023.Part D also receives payments from States that reflect the estimated amounts they would have paid for prescription drug costs for individuals eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid if Medicaid was still the primary payer.Finally, the SMI Trust Fund also receives income from interest on its accumulated reserves invested in U.S. Government securities.Who Are the Trustees?The Social Security Act established the Social Security and Medicare Boards of Trustees to oversee the financial operations of the Social Security and Medicare trust funds. Further, the Social Security Act requires that the Boards report annually to the Congress on the financial and actuarial status of the trust funds.

If these two legally separate trust funds were combined, then OASDI trust fund asset reserves hypothetically would be projected to be depleted in 2034, 1 year earlier than projected in the 2022 report.The actuarial balance for the OASDI trust funds worsened in the 2023 report, with a 0.19 percentage point decrease.Table 11: CHANGE IN THE OASDI 75-YEAR ACTUARIAL BALANCE SINCE THE 2022 REPORT, BASED ON INTERMEDIATE ASSUMPTIONS(As a percentage of taxable payroll) OASI DI OASDI Shown in the 2022 report: Actuarial balance -3.41 -0.01 -3.42 Changes in actuarial balance due to changes in: Legislation / Regulation a a a Valuation period -.05 -.01 -.05 Demographic data and assumptions -.03 a -.03 Economic data and assumptions -.04 a -.04 Disability data and assumptions a .01 .01 Methods and programmatic data -.08 .02 -.06 Total change in actuarial balance -.21 .02 -.19 Shown in the 2023 report: Actuarial balance -3.62 .01 -3.61a Between -0.005 and 0.005 of taxable payroll.

Note: Totals do not necessarily equal the sums of rounded components. A negative actuarial balance is a deficit.

Nationwide during Week 51, 6.1% of patient visits reported through ILINet were due to respiratory illness that included fever plus a cough or sore throat, also referred to as ILI. This has increased compared to Week 50 and has remained above the national baseline of 2.9% since Week 44. All regions are above their region-specific baselines this week. Multiple respiratory viruses are co-circulating, and the relative contribution of influenza virus infection to ILI varies by location.

A total of 4,697 laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported by FluSurv-NET sites between October 1, 2023, and December 23, 2023; 4,105 (87.4%) were associated with influenza A virus, 529 (11.3%) with influenza B virus, 12 (0.3%) with influenza A virus and influenza B virus co-infection, and 51 (1.1%) with influenza virus for which the type was not determined. Among those with influenza A subtype information, 706 (79.8%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 179 (20.2%) were A(H3N2). e24fc04721