The addition of another Musa section came in 1976 by G.C.G. Ardent. The added section, M. sect. Ingentimusa, Ardent was based on a single species, Musa ingens.[16] This designation put the number of sections in Musa at five: Eumusa, Rhodochlamys, Callimusa, Australimusa, and Ingentimusa.
Based on the incorrect section grouping, Markku Hkkinen proposed another reclassification of the Musa sections in 2013. Using a multitude of genetic evidence and markers from other studies, Hkkinen suggested the reduction of five Musa sections into two: Musa and Callimusa.[18] Unlike sectional classifications of the past, this hypothesis was based on genetic markers rather than morphological features or chromosome number. The two groups were generally formed by the clustering of the previously defined groups:
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A number of distinct groups of plants bearing edible fruit have been developed from species of Musa. In English, fruits which are sweet and used for dessert are usually called "bananas", whereas starchier varieties used for cooking are called "plantains", but these terms do not have any botanical significance. By far the largest and now the most widely distributed group of cultivated bananas is derived from section Musa, particularly M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, either alone or in various hybrid combinations. The next but much smaller group is derived from members of section Callimusa (previously classified as Australimusa) and is restricted in importance to Polynesia. Of even more restricted importance are small groups of hybrids from Papua New Guinea; a group from section Musa to which Musa schizocarpa has also contributed, and a group of hybrids between section Musa and section Callimusa.[citation needed]
No such nomenclature system has been developed for the group of edible bananas derived from section Callimusa. This group is known generally as the "Fe'i" or "Fehi" bananas, and numerous cultivars are found in the South Pacific region. They are very distinctive plants with upright fruit bunches, featuring in three of Paul Gauguin's paintings. The flesh can be cooked before eating and is bright orange, with a high level of beta carotene. Fe'i bananas are no longer very important for food, as imported foods have grown in popularity, although some have ritual significance. Investigations are under way to use the Fe'i karat bananas (the name derives from "carrot" due to the intense orange-yellow color of the fruit) in prevention of childhood blindness in Pohnpei.[28] Fe'i bananas probably derive mainly from Musa maclayi, although their origins are not as well understood as the section Musa bananas. Cultivars can be formally named, as e.g. Musa (Fe'i Group) 'Utafun'.
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There is much interest in the exploitation of the M. balbisiana genome sequence for the introgression of beneficial traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance within Musa breeding programs. The PKW B-genome sequence therefore represents a valuable resource for the molecular genetic studies, not only in AAB, and ABB cultivars, but also for AAA dessert bananas. In addition we have shown that it can be used obtain useful information on gene expression levels in members of the more distantly-related Australimusa species.
The raw Illumina PKW gDNA sequence data generated was submitted to SRA with accession no. SRR956987. The assembled PKW consensus chromosome sequences, with annotations, as well as the CDS set and list of gDNA contigs are hosted at the Banana Genome Hub and publically available at -genome.cirad.fr/content/musa-balbisiana-pisang-klutuk--wulung. e24fc04721
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