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Our industry continues to thrive and grow with new technology and more applications than ever. FMS has expanded to an all- inclusive memory and storage summit welcoming all emerging memory and storage solutions The scope of FMS23 will include DRAM, DNA data storage, UCIe chiplet interconnects, Compute Express Link (CXL), wearables, automotive, AI/ML, data centers, and entertainment applications, along with 3D flash, NVMe, ZNS, and important industry announcements. As one past attendee put it, "Flash is a big society and FMS is the right show."

About FLASH FLASH (Fast Length Adjustment of SHort reads) is a very fast and accurate software tool to merge paired-end reads from next-generation sequencing experiments. FLASH is designed to merge pairs of reads when the original DNA fragments are shorter than twice the length of reads. The resulting longer reads can significantly improve genome assemblies. They can also improve transcriptome assembly when FLASH is used to merge RNA-seq data.

Accuracy FLASH merges reads from paired-end sequencing runs with very high accuracy.

FLASH accuracy on one million 100bp long synthetic pairs generated from fragments with a mean length of 180bp, normaly distributed with a standard deviation of 20bp:

No error 1% error rate 2% error rate 3% error rate 5% error rate default parameters 99.73% 99.68% 98.43% 94.76% 77.91% more aggressive parameters 99.73% 99.68% 99.06% 98.30% 93.65%

Simulated reads used in the experiments are available here:

No error

1% error

2% error

3% error

5% error

FLASH accuracy on real data:

647,052 pairs of 101bp long reads from Staphylococcus aureus 90.77% 18,252,400 pairs of 101bp long reads from human 91.02%

The reads are available at the GAGE site: Reads from GAGE Time requirements The latest version of FLASH includes a multi-threaded mode.

When run in single threaded mode:

FLASH takes 120 seconds to process one million 100-bp long pairs on a server with 256GB of RAM and a six-core 2.4GHz AMD Opteron CPU. FLASH takes 129 seconds to process one million 100-bp long pairs on a desktop with 2GB of RAM and a dual-core Intel Xeon 3.00GHz CPU. Time is linearly proportional to the read length and the number of reads. Impact of FLASH on genome assemblies Merging mate pairs by FLASH as a pre-processor for genome assembly yields singificantly higher N50 value of contigs and scaffolds. It also reduces the number of missassembled contigs.

Publication FLASH: Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. T. Magoc and S. Salzberg. Bioinformatics 27:21 (2011), 2957-63.

Obtaining the Software This software is OSI Certified Open Source Software.

FLASH code or executable can be downloaded from Sourceforge. Release packages can also be directly downloaded from here: source package: FLASH-1.2.11.tar.gz precompiled Linux x86_64 binary: FLASH-1.2.11-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz precompiled Windows binary: FLASH-1.2.11-windows-bin.zip Questions/Comments/Requests Send an e-mail to flash.comment@gmail.com.

Funding This work has been supported in part by NIH grants R01-LM006845, R01-GM083873, and R01-HG006677 to S.L. Salzberg. The Center for Computational Biology at Johns Hopkins University

Download Flash

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The flash provides a way to pass temporary primitive-types (String, Array, Hash) between actions. Anything you place in the flash will be exposed to the very next action and then cleared out. This is a great way of doing notices and alerts, such as a create action that sets flash[:notice] = "Post successfully created" before redirecting to a display action that can then expose the flash to its template. Actually, that exposure is automatically done.

This example places a string in the flash. And of course, you can put as many as you like at a time too. If you want to pass non-primitive types, you will have to handle that in your application. Example: To show messages with links, you will have to use sanitize helper.

When people really get into photography and start saving their pennies for new gear, one of the first things they buy tends to be a lens, like a telephoto or a fast prime. However, if you've already got a lens or two and you're thinking you'd want another, let me suggest that you pick up an external flash instead.

With the abundance of cheap flashes pouring out of China these days, you should be able to get a TTL, or 'through the lens' metering flash for around $50 US. If it's your first flash, a cheapie one will do just fine, and TTL metering will help you get out and get shooting with it in no time.

Lastly, having a flash simply provides you with another tool with which to create images. It's just another option you didn't have before. It can open up new possibilities, and perhaps lead you in a creative direction you never expected. And as you grow, you may find there are some situations that you'd simply never get away with not using strobes.

Even if you tend to use your camera in 'Auto' or 'P' modes, you can gain instant benefits from a small, inexpensive flash. As stated earlier, it'll be important to get TTL capability, which is kind of like 'Auto' or 'P' for flash.

So how does TTL work? Before taking the photo, the flash fires a quick burst that reflects off your subject and travels through the lens to the imaging or metering sensor in the camera, which then takes a reading and tells the flash what power it should use. And because this is all happening at the speed of light, there is no perceptible lag in this process.

The best part is that if you're finding your flash is looking too bright or too dim, you can dial in exposure compensation on the flash itself, just like you can on your camera. These are two separate exposure compensations; the flash exposure compensation value will only affect the flash output.

One of the best ways to get instantly better pictures as a result of your new flash is to mount it to the top of you camera, point it up at the ceiling, and photograph some friends indoors. Instead of producing portraits with very bright faces and an almost black background, which built-in flashes tend to do, you're bouncing the light off the ceiling, where it cascades down and lights everything a little more softly.

It's like the difference between shooting in direct sunlight versus shooting on a cloudy day. In direct sunlight (like with direct flash pointed at your subject), you get pretty harsh shadows and more contrast between those shadows and the highlights. With the flash pointed at the ceiling, it's spread out more, similar to how clouds will diffuse sunlight, and shadows are much softer as a result.

One of my favorite aspects of TTL metering actually involves keeping my camera in full manual, with the flash doing all of the 'automatic' work for me. This is particularly useful at dimly lit events and wedding receptions, where I'm moving around quickly and almost always using bounce flash, as described just above.

This first shot is a good example of an approximate base exposure for the ambient lighting in the room. By that I mean that the ambient lights aren't totally blown out, and the background is a little dark but still provides a bit of context. This is important as I mostly want the flash to bring out my main subject without the entire rest of the frame looking horribly under-or-overexposed.

In this particular case, I actually like this dark, moody look for the sax player. But these sorts of ambient, 'moody' shots won't work for everyone all the time. So let's see what difference a flash can make, and how I like to incorporate it in these situations.

This second image has some exposure adjustments to bring up the ambient a little more, but I've added a flash mounted to the top of the camera. It was bounced at the ceiling in TTL mode and the flash exposure compensation was adjusted to underexpose slightly.

Of course, these images are extremely different in terms of 'mood,' but I've found that this method of adding 'pops' of bounce flash to subjects at events can allow me to more effectively freeze motion without raising my shutter speed, as well as shoot my lenses a little more stopped down to give me some leeway for focus errors.

Are you a flash shooter, or a natural light purist? TTL or all manual, all the time? Let us know in the comments if you've got any strobe tips or tricks that have made a difference to the types of photography you enjoy.

I started out trying to use flash. There were so few occasions when I could use flash that it wasn't worth bringing one with me. It makes me wonder what world everyone else lives in. I envy the world Carey Rose lives in.

I personally am a consumer (not a photographer) with Panasonic LX100. I also bought the external flash. But I have not found good instruction, how should I use it.

1) What angle should I use?

2) The flash has a white card that can be pulled out. When should I use it?

3) Or should I attach a white paper behind the flash to diffuse the light more evenly?

4) How should I direct the flash in case there is no ceiling or it is too high?

5) Should I attach the "real" flash on top of the camera? Or should I use bundled tiny flash on top of the camera and put the "real" flash to different location and thus use a combination of two flashes simultaneously?

6) When I have used flash, sometimes the result is picture that is light at one edge and dark on the other. I have solved the issue with graduated filter at Lightroom. But how should have I used flash that the light would had spread more evenly?

The most important factor in photography is the light. Being able to control the light with flash or continuous lighting give you enormous creative control and freedom.

People portraits are where being able to control the light becomes crucial to bring the best out of your subjects. People photos look far more alive and 3-dimensional when there is the glint in the eyes from light you control. 2351a5e196