In film photography, a double exposure is a combination of two exposures in one image to produce evocative results. In this easy-to-follow tutorial, learn how graphic artist Erica Larson uses Adobe Photoshop to combine two photos, creating a seamless double exposure effect.

In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images. The exposure values may or may not be identical to each other.


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Ordinarily, cameras have a sensitivity to light that is a function of time. For example, a one-second exposure is an exposure in which the camera image is equally responsive to light over the exposure time of one second. The criterion for determining that something is a double exposure is that the sensitivity goes up and then back down. The simplest example of a multiple exposure is a double exposure without flash, i.e. two partial exposures are made and then combined into one complete exposure.Some single exposures, such as "flash and blur" use a combination of electronic flash and ambient exposure. This effect can be approximated by a Dirac delta measure (flash) and a constant finite rectangular window, in combination. For example, a sensitivity window comprising a Dirac comb combined with a rectangular pulse, is considered a multiple exposure, even though the sensitivity never goes to zero during the exposure.

In the historical technique of chronophotography, dating back to the Victorian era, a series of instantaneous photographs were taken at short and equal intervals of time.[1] These photographs could be overlayed for a single multiple exposure print.

In photography and cinematography, multiple exposure is a technique in which the camera shutter is opened more than once to expose the film multiple times, usually to different images. The resulting image contains the subsequent image/s superimposed over the original. The technique is sometimes used as an artistic visual effect and can be used to create ghostly images or to add people and objects to a scene that were not originally there. It is frequently used in photographic hoaxes.

It is considered easiest to have a manual winding camera for double exposures. On automatic winding cameras, as soon as a picture is taken the film is typically wound to the next frame. Some more advanced automatic winding cameras have the option for multiple exposures but it must be set before making each exposure. Manual winding cameras with a multiple exposure feature can be set to double-expose after making the first exposure.

Medium to low light is ideal for double exposures. A tripod may not be necessary if combining different scenes in one shot. In some conditions, for example, recording the whole progress of a lunar eclipse in multiple exposures, a stable tripod is essential.

Many digital SLR cameras allow multiple exposures to be made on the same image within the camera without the need for any external software. And some bridge cameras can take successive multiple exposures (sometimes up to nine) in one frame and in one shot. It is the same with high-dynamic-range imaging, which takes multiple shots in one burst captures, then combines all the proper shots into one frame.[2]

In addition to direct photographic usage of the technique, fine artists' work has been inspired by the multiple exposure effect. Examples include Joan Semmel's oil on canvas "Transitions" from 2012,[3][4] and Ian Hornak's acrylic on canvas "Hanna Tillich's Mirror: Rembrandt's Three Trees Transformed Into The Expulsion From Eden", from 1978 (depicted).

With traditional film cameras, a long exposure is a single exposure, whereas with electronic cameras a long exposure can be obtained by integrating together many exposures. This averaging also permits there to be a time-windowing function, such as a Gaussian, that weights time periods near the center of the exposure time more strongly. Another possibility for synthesizing long exposure from a multiple exposure is to use an exponential decay in which the current frame has the strongest weight, and previous frames are faded out with a sliding exponential window.

Multiple exposure technique can also be used when scanning transparencies like slides, film or negatives using a film scanner for increasing dynamic range. With multiple exposure the original gets scanned several times with different exposure intensities. An overexposed scan lights the shadow areas of the image and enables the scanner to capture more image information here. Afterwards the data can be calculated into a single HDR image with increased dynamic range.

To do a double exposure intentionally, you just expose the same frame of film twice. It was really easy to do with manual film cameras. You end up with two pictures put together. But you can also do it with a digital camera and get exactly what you want without having to go through rolls and rolls of film.

Quick note: As with most things in technology, there are many options that you can choose/change. Here, I just give you the basic idea, but there is SO much more you can do! This tutorial is just meant to get you started and jump start your double exposure knowledge.

Once you have a grasp on the basic concept, I would encourage you to dabble with your camera, read your manual, and discover all of the different options that your camera offers with double exposure. You can change blending options, how your camera saves the images, and much more.

Hello,

I did double exposures with my old cams and I actually did one the day before yesterday with the Bloodmoon. ITs not perfect but you gave me new motivations to work on it. If you like have a look:

 -2019-the-day-after/

Have a good time with creativity!!!

Juergen from Loy (PJP)

The most important part of creating a killer double exposure is to make sure that you shoot your photos with the double exposure in mind. Know what you want the double exposure to look like and be mindful of that when taking your photos!

The best photos for a double exposure are super high contrast with very distinct whites and blacks. So think silhouettes. That might not make a lot of sense right now but bare with me. I promise it will make more sense as we get further into the tutorial.

There are only a few transparency settings that I suggest using if this is your first time creating a double exposure. Darken, multiply, lighten, screen, and overlay. Below are two images that I overlaid to show you how these different transparency settings work. The image of the couple is the top layer and the layer that I changed the transparency on.

When you overlay two different images for a double exposure, there are going to be more colors than just black and white. And more often than not, the image looks like a jumbled mess of that grey section in the middle.

Why does that grey look so bad you ask? Well, the grey in the middle of the image is darker than some parts of the image and lighter in the others. So on the girls arm, the grey is darker, but on the shadow of her arm its lighter. Basically, only portions of the image are showing up because of the different tones. (That is why photos with high contrast and distinct blacks and whites are best for double exposures!)

Now that I explained what all the different transparencies are its time for some examples! Below is the same double exposure, but each image had a different transparency. This should help you better understand how these things work in action!

In the first video I talk through all of the different transparency settings a little more in depth. I also cover how to use some of the different tools in photoshop that are helpful when creating double exposures! **Little disclaimer, if you are already super familiar with photoshop you can probably skip this first video all together!**

In all the other videos you will see how I created 3 different double exposures from start to finish! If you need a step by step guide, these videos are for you! Feel free to watch them all, or just pick your favorite one! They are all basically the same, they just use different transparencies!

To see more of my double exposures, follow me on instagram! Also, if you create any double exposures of your own, feel free to tag me in them or send them to me via email! I will definitely be sharing them over the next few weeks!

Double exposure is a technique that combines two different exposures or images that are layered on top of each other. The image overlaid is less than full opacity so a bit of both images can be seen producing an almost ghost-like image.

For digital photography, multiple or double exposure can be created in-camera or with editing programs like Photoshop. If you're using actual film, the photographer would have to expose the same part of the film twice, where the second image is being superimposed on the first one.

Mlis blacked out or matted out parts of the frame using black paint and a piece of glass. He would black out one part so no light would reach the film and then rewind the film and matte out everything else. The resulting multiple exposure combined the shots into one frame.

The Exposure Triangle is something every photographer and cinematographer needs to master. Download our FREE e-book to get in-depth explanations and tutorials on topics like aperture, ISO, shutter speed, and how to balance these settings to nail perfect exposure every time.

Many digital cameras have options for creating multiple exposure images where you can get super creative. Most have at least a feature for shooting double exposure in-camera, but there are some cameras that are better than others. Photographer Eric Floberg goes deeper as he takes you step by step for layering your images with a DSLR.

Hi,

It isn't possible to do a double exposure with the standard Yashica Mat (so not the 124G or whatever), is it?

I know the Seagul has this special button for it, but when I tried that I ended up ruining it and had to repair it. When I tried to google for yashica mat double exposure, I just end up with links to my own pictures on Flickr! Isn't that funny, and I don't even know how to do double exposures with that camera ;) 

If it isn't I have to use my Lubitel 166B, or the Rolleicord 2 (but that one has a shutter which sometimes doesn't close.... risky).

2:21AM, 19 September 2006 PST(permalink)

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