Conclusion remarks

Ribosome-targeting enzymes represent a class of biologically active proteins with significant toxicological and biomedical relevance. In this study, methodologies for the efficient purification of ribosome-targeting enzymes were developed and optimized. Using these approaches, a previously uncharacterized ribosome-targeting enzyme was successfully identified and purified from Calocybe indica (milky mushroom), followed by its partial structural and enzymatic characterization.

Functional analyses revealed that ribosome-targeting toxins derived from edible organisms exhibit marked cytotoxic activity against tumoral cell lines. Furthermore, these enzymes were shown to disrupt intestinal barrier integrity and promote inflammatory responses, highlighting their potential to influence host physiology following dietary exposure.

Investigations conducted by the Napoli Research Unit also indicate that ribosome-targeting proteins present in edible plants and mushrooms are unlikely to exert substantial direct effects on gut microbiota. Collectively, these findings advance current understanding of the biological activity and toxicological implications of dietary ribosome-targeting proteins and provide a framework for evaluating their impact on human health.