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Science
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The Earth’s Grid System
The Earth’s Grid System
This topic explains how we use imaginary lines to find any exact location on Earth. It works like a giant address system for the planet. Without this grid, it would be very hard to describe where a place is located.
Latitude (Parallels)
Latitude (Parallels)
Latitude lines are imaginary horizontal lines that go around Earth from east to west. The most famous one is the Equator, which divides Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Latitude is measured in degrees (°) from 0° at the Equator up to 90° at the North and South Poles. The farther you move from the Equator, the colder it usually becomes.
Latitude affects climate. Places near the Equator are warmer because they receive more direct sunlight.
Longitude (Meridians)
Longitude (Meridians)
Figure 2. Parallels of longitude illustration.
Source: Sailing Issues. (n.d.). Navigation course 1. https://sailingissues.com/navcourse1.html
Longitude lines are imaginary vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole. The starting line is the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England.
Longitude measures how far east or west a place is from the Prime Meridian. The line opposite it is 180°, dividing Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
When latitude and longitude cross, they create coordinates. This helps pilots, sailors, and even Google Maps find exact locations.
Example: The Philippines is close to the Equator. This is why the country has a warm, tropical climate most of the year.
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