Renaissance art is known for its focus on balance, harmony, and realism. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo created works that embodied the ideals of the classical world, with perfect proportions and idealized human figures. 

Time period: 14th to 16th centuries

Origin: Florence, Italy

Key characteristics:

• Humanism: Emphasis on human potential and individual expression

• Naturalism: Realistic portrayal of the human figure and nature

• Classicism: Revival of ancient Greek and Roman art and architecture principles

• Perspective: Development of linear perspective to create depth and realism

• Light and shadow: Use of chiaroscuro for dramatic effect

• Tempera and oil painting: New techniques for creating vibrant and detailed paintings

• Frescoes: Large-scale paintings on walls and ceilings

• Sculpture: Life-sized and idealized figures in bronze and marble

• Architecture: Grand and symmetrical buildings with classical elements like columns, arches, and domes

Mannerism emerged in the later years of the Renaissance and took a more subjective approach to art. Artists like El Greco and Tintoretto began to distort and elongate figures, creating a sense of unease and tension.

• Time period: Mid-16th to early 17th centuries

• Origin: Italy (Florence and Rome)

• Key characteristics:

  • Reaction to High Renaissance: Exaggeration and distortion of forms

  • Artificiality: Elongated figures, complex poses, and unconventional compositions

  • Emotional intensity: Emphasis on drama, tension, and psychological states

  • Subjectivity: Individual interpretation of form and content

  • Color: Use of Mannerist colors like acid yellow and cold blue

  • Light and shadow: Contorted light and shadow for dramatic effect

  • Oil painting: Continued development of oil painting techniques

  • Sculpture: Smaller scale and more expressive

  • Architecture: Experimentation with classical forms, creating more dynamic and complex structures