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and the higher-priority goal of slimming in obese subjects. Therefore, we assumed that due to the self-control mechanism activated by the endangering stimulus, our subjects would be better protected against the real risks associated with fattening food than the controls were. Our findings confirmed this prediction. Our findings also supported results obtained in similar research on the impact of priming on dietary self-control [43–45]. This, again, suggests that a high level of motivation and active involvement in learning, implementing, and practicing proper nutritional habits leads to the development of intrinsic control mechanisms. 4. Practical Implications of These Studies Obesity is an acute medic problem in elderly as we pointed out in the introduction. Moreover, obesity threatens the psychophysical health of the elderly. According to the study, abdominal obesity especially widespread among above population, is particularly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [46,47]. Besides it affects body-esteem and therefore self-esteem of obese people [48]. That is why many people especially women decide to lose weight. However observations of the slimming patients show that they are struggling with various psychosocial problems while body reduction [39]. For instance obese individuals who wish to modify their dietary habits to permanently reduce their bodyweight are especially afraid of the risks associated with contact with fattening food [49]. They worry they will not be able to overcome the temptation to eat. So they stop meeting their families and friends to avoid exposure to high-calorie food [50]. They fall into conflict with their housemates, whose dietary habits they try to modify to eliminate tempting food products from their immediate surroundings [51]. If continued for longer, such situations are reflected by psychological discomfort and can lead them to believe that their new dietary habits represent too radical a modification, one which negatively affects their relationships with others, and generally makes them less happy [51]. Not infrequently, individuals with excess body weight who undertake inefficient attempts to lose weight claim that their own internal predisposition, which is almost impossible to change, is the main reason behind their failure [49,50]. They declare that they would not experience such difficulties controlling their dietary habits if they had been born with a sufficiently strong will. They dream of being charmed or given a magic pill to strengthen their weak will, to make them resistant to the temptation of fattening food. Therefore, they focus on mal-adaptive and non-natural methods of losing weight [49,50]. Obviously, a strong will has a basis in predisposition; for example, it can be determined by temperamental factors, such as reactivity or endurance [52–54]. However, the realization of our goals is also significantly modulated by our experience and the strategies we employ. This is not infrequently Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 244 10 of 13 associated with changes which can initially cause a certain degree of psychophysical discomfort until one becomes used to them. The second experiment proved that a strong will, something demanded by so many obese individuals who are ineffective at slimming, can be effectively improved by one’s involvement with and systematic training of proper dietary habits [55]. As a result, such individuals can develop a facilitating association between external stimuli which are consistent with or endanger the higher-priority goal of losing weight. For others, such an association makes them resistant to temptations which remain out of their control. Moreover, contact with fattening food can itself be a motivation to lose weight. 5. Limitations of the Studies It should be understood that the priming procedure is a rather weak experimental manipulation. According to many experimental psychologists, the same kind of priming can cause completely different effects. Drouin and Davidson [55], for instance, showed that priming money might result in limitations of working memory, or in the enhancement of working memory. On the other hand, there is substantial evidence for priming effects in food advertising affecting eating behaviour. Harris et al. [56] showed that watching advertisements for fattening food resulted in an increase of high-calorie food consumption among children (>45%), and a similar increase in consumption of healthy as well as high-calorie snacks among adults. The authors proclaimed that “advertising is a ‘real-world’ prime” [56]. They insist that priming food really works. Bearing in mind the limitations of priming as an experimental manipulation, it can be proposed that priming unhealthy food really works and can lead to negative consequences.Moreover, the most severe limitation of our study is the declarative nature of the measures of motivation to diet. Only two items were used, separately, to assess the need for the improvement of one’s silhouette and losing excess weight. No attempt was made to create a questionnaire that measures motivation to diet. Future research on that subject could be additionally developed by introducing participants as young as 50 years old to the experiments. As well extending type and scope of experimental stimuluses’ in study could possibly yield valuable data. Besides elderly people are more likely to experience physical illness or personal loss which are contributing factors to anxiety and depression [57]. Also different types of emotional crises and internal conflicts are related to the process of aging [57]. Therefore further work and new research should also analyze impact of mental condition of respondents on the effects of the conscious processing of stimuli associated with dietary habits. The results of our studies should be treated with especial prudence. In our study we verified whether the strategies of self-control acquired during the slimming program, and the involvement of our obese elderly participants in learning, implementing, and practicing proper nutritional habits proved strong enough to develop an asymmetrically facilitating association between the higher-priority goal and temptation. Our study revealed that while looking at fattening food constitutes a significant threat for non-slimming obese elderly, it is not dangerous for actively slimming obese persons, i.e., those who practice effective strategies of self-control and feel self-motivated to lose weight.