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SOME URBAN PLANNING MODELS
SOME URBAN PLANNING MODELS
The urban planning models have been shot to pieces in the past three decades. The Urbanisation and the affluencies that has been bought forth by the World Trade Agreement, in partiularly China's accession to this group, has made the world a different place.
To get to where we need to be, which is the end of this paper, lets start at the key designs theories that have shaped our cities.
Ebenezer Howard, The Garden City, 1898
Ebenezer Howard, The Garden City, 1898
His vision outlined a planned communities that integrated the best elements of both urban and rural environment that was connected by railways & managed population.
If you look at the population of the time, such urban planning would be hard to work for our era. Many cities were design based on this model offshoots, like Delhi. Whilst the sweeping boulevard and the roads allows for future transportation to be threaded through, the density of these planning is unsuitable for our times.
E. W. Burgess, The Concentric Model, 1923
E. W. Burgess, The Concentric Model, 1923
The father of concentric zone model, where urbanisation was framed around many zones, with the business district in the centre.
The vision for many modern urban cities is very apparent based on these planning principles.
Yet at the same time the complexity of the new urbanism cannot be addressed by his sociologist views, potentially leading to the impasse of the present suburban living, where vehicular transport connection is hard to connect to the CBD's of the system.
Homer Hyot, Sector Model, 1939
Homer Hyot, Sector Model, 1939
The sector model was a welcome deviation from the concentric model, made substantial impact on the way cities were to be developed. Think Le Corbusier's Chandigarh. However, it is also not a system that allowed a vibrant urban planning and left lot to be desired.
Arguably there is no perfect model for our future cities. We are left to create the best model that can be adapted for a more sustainable model for the next generation?
© Ourworlddata.org
Humanity has forged a path from the rural to the urban, for myriads of reasons, as civilisations developed. Population migration to urban areas had never been a huge problem before the second world war, populations in the world was manageable, mostly small cities with less than a million inhabitants. History had a way to grow cities, then push them back to size, thru cyclic growth, war, destruction, or natural and unnatural calamities, which human beings could not mitigate.
However, with industrialisation, the great wars, cities began to grow substantially, the need to deliver employment, housing, education, healthcare, etc. has led to the masses, to move to existing cities, or create new ones.
There is a debate if urbanisation was due to a pull or the push factor? However, what we know now is that the world population around 1930 was ~2 billion, 8 billion now, that presently more than 50% of the world population lives in cities, that there will be more migration to the existing, and new cities in the year to come.
POPULATION DRIVES URBANISM
POPULATION DRIVES URBANISM
Fig. How a Vast Demographic Shift Will Reshape the World
2050 = 68% URBAN NATIVES
By 2050, the world's projected population of 9.7 billion will result in more than 2 billion new city dwellers, many in new cities.
Such data brings many discussions on the challenges of the growth of existing & new cities. How this will be managed, designed. If this will be low density, mixed, or up to hyper-dense cities and large towns. All these presents massive challenges for our planet, and the resources required.
The IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change & others have highlighted the positive correlation between urban density, people's health and wellbeing. Further higher urban density implies more environmentally friendly and sustainable cities.
The IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change & others have highlighted the positive correlation between urban density, people's health and wellbeing. Further higher urban density implies more environmentally friendly and sustainable cities.
The IPCC data, shows that while electric and green-fuelled vehicles offer promise for the future, we still need to prioritize reducing the number of vehicles on our streets. This means making cities more walkable, human-friendly, and encouraging walking as a healthier choice. Additionally, robust mass transit systems, including underground options, are crucial.
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