The microwave signal is received by a wire antenna and is immediately filtered and amplified by a SAWbird hydrogen line filter low noise amplifier module (Nooelec SAWbird H1.) The output of this module is further amplified by a wideband LNA (also mounted very close to the antenna.) The output of the wideband LNA is carried over a 6 foot long SMA cable to the SDR module (RTL-2832U, Blog V3.) Software for processing this digitized signal is run in the Raspberry Pi 4. This software is written using the GNU-radio platform.
RTL-SDR BLog V3 (RTL2832U) with 2.4 MHz bandwidth. Receives frequencies up to 1700 MHz. Connected to the Raspberry Pi USB port with a USB extender cable.
Combined filter and pre-amp for hydrogen line at 1420.4 MHz.
These modules are positioned as close as possible to the feedwire, via a 6 inch long SMA cable. The black unit on the left is a Nooelec SAWbird H1 module (this is a SAW filter and a LNA.) The silver unit on the right is a wideband LNA (made by RTL-SDR) Both are powered with a 5 Volt DC external supply (a small hole was drilled into each case to admit the power wires.) A 6 foot long SMA cable connects the output of the wideband LNA to the input of the SDR.
I used a 12 Gauge copper wire for the 1/4 wave feedwire antenna (5.25 cm long.) Rather than soldering this wire into a SMA coupling, I simply filed down the end of the wire and press-fit it into the female side of a BNC-to-SMA adaptor. This adaptor is attached to the wall of the can using the supplied nut. I did not solder any components.
This metal box contains the Raspberry Pi, as well as two 5-volt transformers that require 120 VAC. It is essential that these items be enclosed in a grounded metal box to prevent any electrical noise from entering the telescope. Transformers and the Pi itself can be prodigious sources of EMI, even in the 1.4 GHz range! A CAT5 ethernet cable (not shown) also feeds through this box, since the Pi WiFi is turned off during operation. The SDR is mounted outside this box since it generates a significant amount of heat during operation, and does not emit any EMI by itself.
Shows the Raspberry Pi 4 with USB and CAT5 data cables.