Tratamientos-Farmacología

Evidencias COVID-19 Cochrane. Tratamiento

• Bibliografía Ensayos (actualizado a 23 abril - 3 referencias)

1. Keshtkar-Jahromi M, Bavari S. A Call for Randomized Controlled Trials to Test the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutics against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 3 de abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0230

2. Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. marzo de 2020;105949.

3. Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Research. junio de 2020;178:104787

• Bibliografía Células Madre (actualizado 20 abril - 6 registros)

1. Liang B, Chen J, Li T, Wu H, Yang W, Li Y, et al. Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. ChinaXiv:20200200084. pre-print:13.

2. Chen J, Hu C, Chen L, Tang L, Zhu Y, Xu X, et al. Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment. Engineering (Beijing). 28 de febrero de 2020;

3. Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. Comprehensive update on current outbreak of novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV). Ann Transl Med. marzo de 2020;8(6):393-393.

4. Atluri S, Manchikanti L, Hirsch JA. Expanded Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UC-MSCs) as a Therapeutic Strategy in Managing Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: The Case for Compassionate Use. Pain Physician. 2020;23(2):E71-83.

5. NICE. Overview | COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | Guidance. :18.

6. Leng Z, Zhu R, Hou W, Feng Y, Yang Y, Han Q, et al. Transplantation of ACE2- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves the Outcome of Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Aging Dis. abril de 2020;11(2):216-28.

• Bibliografía de Tocilizumab (actualizado 20 de abril- 12 registros)

1. Cai X. An Insight of comparison between COVID-19 (2019-nCoV disease) and SARS in pathology and pathogenesis [Internet]. Open Science Framework; 2020 feb [citado 19 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://osf.io/hw34x

2. Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, et al. Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS); 2020 feb [citado 19 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.02.18.20024364

3. Liu T, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Ma H, Li Z, et al. The Potential Role of IL-6 in Monitoring Coronavirus Disease 2019. SSRN Journal [Internet]. 2020 [citado 19 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3548761

4. Lu R-M, Hwang Y-C, Liu I-J, Lee C-C, Tsai H-Z, Li H-J, et al. Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases. J Biomed Sci. diciembre de 2020;27(1):1.

5. Luo P, Liu Y, Qiu L, Liu X, Liu D, Li J. Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single center experience. J Med Virol [Internet]. 15 de abril de 2020 [citado 19 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jmv.25801

6. Qiu R, Wei X, Zhao M, Zhong C, Zhao C, Hu J, et al. Outcome reporting from protocols of clinical trials of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review [Internet]. Public and Global Health; 2020 mar [citado 19 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.04.20031401

7. Xie M, Chen Q. Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus — an updated intrim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. abril de 2020;S1201971220302046.

8. Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qi C, Shen L, Li J. Clinical trial analysis of 2019‐nCoV therapy registered in China. J Med Virol. junio de 2020;92(6):540-5.

9. Zheng X-H, Zhang X-Y, Dong Q-Q, Chen F, Yang S-B, Li W-B. Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells in the treatment of B cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chinese Medical Journal. enero de 2020;133(1):74-85.

10. Zumla A, Hui DS, Azhar EI, Memish ZA, Maeurer M. Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option. The Lancet. febrero de 2020;395(10224):e35-6.

11. Protocolo de uso de Tocilizumab en el tratamiento de la neumonía intersticial por Covid-19 HUPH revisado 19032020.pdf.

12. Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qi C, Shen L, Li J. Response to Comments on Zhang et al_Clinical trial analysis of 2019‐nCoV therapy registered in China. J. of Med Virol. marzo de 2020. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.25803

• Bibliografía Tratamiento (Actualizada 30/04/2020) 114 artículos

1. ¿Cuál es la eficacia de la hidroxicloroquina en el tratamiento de la COVID-19? Cochrane Iberoamericana. 30 de marzo de 2020;Ensayos clínicos Covid-19:Español.

2. Keith P, Day M, Perkins L, Moyer L, Hewitt K, Wells A. A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19. Crit Care. diciembre de 2020;24(1):128, s13054-020-2836-4.

3. Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Novel Coronavirus Management and Research Team, Evidence-Based Medicine Chapter of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Jin Y-H, Cai L, Cheng Z-S, Cheng H, Deng T, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Military Med Res. diciembre de 2020;7(1):4.

4. Gordon DE, Jang GM, Bouhaddou M, Xu J, Obernier K, O’Meara MJ, et al. A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing [Internet]. Systems Biology; 2020 mar [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.22.002386

5. Yao T, Qian J, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang G. A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus—A possible reference for coronavirus disease‐19 treatment option. J Med Virol. junio de 2020;92(6):556-63.

6. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, et al. A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 18 de marzo de 2020;NEJMoa2001282.

7. Touyz RM, Li H, Delles C. ACE2 the Janus-faced protein – from cardiovascular protection to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and COVID-19. Clinical Science. 2020;4.

8. Tang N, Bai H, Chen X, Gong J, Li D, Sun Z. Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 27 de marzo de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.14817

9. Assessment of Evidence for COVID-19-Related Treatments: Updated 3/27/2020. 2020;24.

10. Instituto para el Uso Seguro de los Medicamentos (ISMP-España). Boletín de Recomendaciones para la prevención de errores de medicación [Internet]. Ministerio de Sanidad; [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Report No.: 49 (Abril 2020). Disponible en: http://www.ismp-espana.org/ficheros/Boletin%2049%20%28Abril%202020%29.pdf

11. Sheahan TP, Sims AC, Graham RL, Menachery VD, Gralinski LE, Case JB, et al. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med. 28 de junio de 2017;9(396):eaal3653.

12. Covid M-A. Can antimalarials be used to treat COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; [citado 27 de abril de 2020] p. 8. Disponible en: http://www.ace-hta.gov.sg/public-data/covid-19-resources/Antimalarials%20for%20COVID-19%20(25%20March%202020).pdf

13. Cascada del complemento en pacientes con Covid-19 [Internet]. Sociedad Española de Inmunología; [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Report No.: Versión 01 / 7 abril 2020. Disponible en: https://www.inmunologia.org/Upload/Documents/1/5/2/1526.pdf

14. Fihn SD, Perencevich E, Bradley SM. Caution Needed on the Use of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 24 de abril de 2020;3(4):e209035.

15. Bachanova V, Bishop MR, Dahi P, Dholaria B, Grupp SA, Hayes-Lattin B, et al. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. abril de 2020;S1083879120302172.

16. Bauman JL, Tisdale JE. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Era of SARS - CoV2: Caution on Their Cardiac Toxicity. Pharmacotherapy [Internet]. 13 de abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/phar.2387

17. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Era of SARS – CoV2: Caution on Their Cardiac Toxicity. :2.

18. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. marzo de 2020;395(10229):1054-62.

19. Russell CD, Millar JE, Baillie JK. Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury. The Lancet. febrero de 2020;395(10223):473-5.

20. Sainz Navarro, Luis Carlos. Cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina como potenciales terapias frente al COVID-19. Versión 3 [Internet]. Servicio Navarro de Salud; 2020 abr [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://www.navarra.es/NR/rdonlyres/6EAA15A8-75D9-4C43-B218-98D590FC247D/460707/Informecloroquina_hidroxicloroquinaparaCOVID_19170.pdf

21. Tiberghien P, de Lambalerie X, Morel P, Gallian P, Lacombe K, Yazdanpanah Y. Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment: why and how. Vox Sang [Internet]. 2 de abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/vox.12926

22. Grein J, Ohmagari N, Shin D, Diaz G, Asperges E, Castagna A, et al. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 10 de abril de 2020;NEJMoa2007016.

23. Martinez MA. Compounds with Therapeutic Potential against Novel Respiratory 2019 Coronavirus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2020;64(5):7.

24. Chen L, Xiong J, Bao L, Shi Y. Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. abril de 2020;20(4):398-400.

25. McCreary EK, Pogue JM. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treatment: A Review of Early and Emerging Options. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 1 de abril de 2020;7(4):ofaa105.

26. Baden LR, Rubin EJ. Covid-19 — The Search for Effective Therapy. N Engl J Med. 18 de marzo de 2020;NEJMe2005477.

27. Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, Huang J, Gan J, Huang X, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ. mayo de 2020;27(5):1451-4.

28. COVID-19 rapid evidence summary: acute use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for people with or at risk of COVID-19. :4.

29. Heneghan C, Aronson J, Ferner R, DeVito NJ. COVID-19 trials registered up to 8 March 2020—an analysis of 382 studies [Internet]. CEBM; 2020 mar [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-registered-trials%E2%80%94an-analysis-1.pdf

30. Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Sirotti S, Marotto D, Ardizzone S, Rizzardini G, et al. COVID-19, cytokines and immunosuppression: what can we learn from severe acute respiratory syndrome? Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 2020;6.

31. Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet. marzo de 2020;395(10229):1033-4.

32. Day M. Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists. BMJ. 17 de marzo de 2020;m1086.

33. Mahase E. Covid-19: what treatments are being investigated? BMJ. 26 de marzo de 2020;m1252.

34. Amirian ES, Levy JK. Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as therapeutic options for coronaviruses. One Health. junio de 2020;9:100128.

35. Desempeño clínico de las pruebas diagnósticas de laboratorio en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 [Internet]. Universidad de Antioquia. Unidad de Evidencia y Deliveración para la toma de decisiones-UNED; 2020 abr [citado 24 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CRXVy7yysFCY1_9FFWyFdjCzaxxD2IMq/view

36. Wang Y, Jiang W, He Q, Wang C, Wang B, Zhou P, et al. Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China [Internet]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS); 2020 mar [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.06.20032342

37. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Infectious Diseases. :14.

38. Rios P, Radhakrishnan A, Antony J, Thomas SM, Straus SE, Tricco AC. Effectiveness and safety of antiviral or antibody treatments for coronavirus. :9.

39. Duan K, Liu B, Li C, Zhang H, Yu T, Qu J, et al. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 6 de abril de 2020;202004168.

40. Qin Y-Y, Zhou Y-H, Lu Y-Q, Sun F, Yang S, Harypursat V, et al. Effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Chinese Medical Journal. :7.

41. Efficacy and safety of lopinavir ritonavir or arbidol in adult patients with mild moderate COVID-19. An exploratory randomized controlled trial [pre-proof].

42. Marklund M, Singh G, Greer R, Cudhea F, Matsushita K, Micha R, et al. Estimated population wide benefits and risks in China of lowering sodium through potassium enriched salt substitution: modelling study. :14.

43. Evaluating the drug-drug interaction risk of experimental COVID-19 therapies [Internet]. Liverpool Drug Interactions Group; 2020 abr [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://go.aws/2xqi9ls

44. García Lobato, E. Evidencia disponible de los fármacos utilizados en pacientes con COVID-19 (I). Corticoides sistémicos. Ojo de Markov Portal del Medicamento Salud Castilla y León [Internet]. marzo de 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2020];(88). Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2WfCJNx

45. García Lobato E, Caro-Patón Carmona T. Evidencia disponible de los fármacos utilizados en pacientes con COVID-19 (II) Hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina. Ojo de Markov Portal del Medicamento Salud Castilla y León [Internet]. abril de 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2020];(89). Disponible en: https://bit.ly/3d07o8l

46. Experimental COVID-19 Therapies Administration in Cases of Swallowing Difficulties. 3 April 2020 [Internet]. Liverpool Drug Interaction Group; 2020 abr [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: Experimental COVID-19 Therapies Administration in Cases of Swallowing Difficulties

47. American Academy of Dermatology Association (ADD). Guidance on the use of biologic agents during COVID-19 outbreak_AAD [Internet]. [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://assets.ctfassets.net/1ny4yoiyrqia/PicgNuD0IpYd9MSOwab47/023ce3cf6eb82cb304b4ad4a8ef50d56/Biologics_and_COVID-19.pdf

48. American College of Reumatology. Guiding Principles from American College of Rheumatology for Scarce Resource Allocation During COVID-19 Pandemic. The case of Hydroxychloroquine [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.rheumatology.org/Portals/0/Files/Guiding-Principles-Scarce-Resource-Allocation-During-Covid-19.pdf

49. Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.alnap.org/help-library/handbook-of-covid-19-prevention-and-treatment

50. Conti P, Gallenga CE, Tetè G, Caraffa A, Ronconi G, Younes A, et al. How to reduce the likelihood of coronavirus-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2) infection and lung inflammation mediated by IL-1. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 31 de 2020;34(2).

51. Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 20 de marzo de 2020;105949.

52. Lin L, Lu L, Cao W, Li T. Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection–a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 1 de enero de 2020;9(1):727-32.

53. Shin H-S, Kim Y, Kim G, Lee JY, Jeong I, Joh J-S, et al. Immune Responses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus During the Acute and Convalescent Phases of Human Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 5 de marzo de 2019;68(6):984-92.

54. Ritchie AI, Singanayagam A. Immunosuppression for hyperinflammation in COVID-19: a double-edged sword? The Lancet. abril de 2020;395(10230):1111.

55. Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, Lavergne V, Baden L, Chi-Chung Cheng V. Infectious diseases society of america guidelines on the treatmen and management of patients with covid-19 [Internet]. Infectious Diseases Society of America; 2020 abr [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.idsociety.org/globalassets/idsa/practice-guidelines/covid-19/treatment/idsa-covid-19-gl-tx-and-mgmt-v1.0.4.pdf

56. Martín Ponce ML. Interacciones Fármacos COVID19 (Lopi/Rito +/- HDQ) [Internet]. UGC Medicina Interna. Hospital V. Valme; 2020 [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://udmfycofradelicias.blogspot.com/2020/03/ugc-mi-hv-valme-interacciones-farmacos.html

57. Interactions with Experimental COVID-19 Therapies [Internet]. Liverpool Drug Interactions Group; 2020 abr [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://go.aws/3bMKGjY

58. Universidad de Antioquia., Medellín; Unidad de Evidencia y Deliberación para la Toma de Decisiones-UNED. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Intervenciones no farmacológicas para la contención, mitigación y supresión de la infección por COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://docs.bvsalud.org/biblioref/2020/04/1087642/udea-uned_sintesisrapida_covid19_ncov19_nofarmacologicas_rapid_gvdw72U.pdf

59. Listado de EECC para COVID-19 aprobados en España_EECC.pdf.

60. Coiras M, Alcamí J, Plaza JA. Necesidad de encontrar fármacos frente a la enfermedad covid-19 [Internet]. Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISC); 2020 abr [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2KSjjch

61. Sato K, Mano T, Iwata A, Toda T. Neuropsychiatric adverse events of chloroquine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. :5.

62. Wu F, Wang A, Liu M, Wang Q, Chen J, Xia S, et al. Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications [Internet]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS); 2020 abr [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365

63. Little P. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19. BMJ. 27 de marzo de 2020;m1185.

64. Nota informativa sobre el tractament amb clozapina en el context de la crisi de la COVID-19. :2.

65. Touret F, de Lamballerie X. Of chloroquine and COVID-19. Antiviral Research. mayo de 2020;177:104762.

66. Optimizing Medication Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implementation Guide for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care [Internet]. University of Maryland; 2020 abr [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu/media/SOP/wwwpharmacyumarylandedu/centers/lamy/covid19-med-mgmt/complete-implementation-guide_042420.pdf

67. Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol [Internet]. 2020 [citado 30 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://apjai-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/5_AP-200220-0773.pdf

68. Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA [Internet]. 13 de abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2764727

69. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. mayo de 2020;92(5):479-90.

70. Protocolo Tratamiento según gravedad y evolución COVID19 [Internet]. Hospital Universitario de Móstoles; 2020 abr [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.stefajir.cz/files/Protocolo-Tratamiento-COVID19-HUM-V4-08-04-20.pdf

71. Recomanacions de tractament farmacològic en la infecció per SARS-CoV-2 en l’àmbit extrahospitalari [Internet]. CatSalut; 2020 mar [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 17. Disponible en: http://gestorweb.camfic.cat/uploads/ITEM_12828_EBLOG_4007.pdf

72. Recomendaciones de tromboprofilaxis y tratamiento antitrombótico en pacientes con COVID-19 [Internet]. Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia; [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sehh.es/images/stories/recursos/2020/03/covid/22/Recomendaciones-tromboprofilaxis-y-tratamiento-antitrombotico-pacientes-COVID-19.pdf

73. Recomendaciones para la obtención de plasma de donantes convalecientes de la enfermedad del Coronavirus SARS-CoV (COVID19) [Internet]. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad. Comité Científico Seguridad Transfusional; 2020 abr [citado 30 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2VP1aCu

74. Recommendations for the use of Nitrous oxide/Entonox for labour analgesia during the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. Ministry of Health Manatū Hauora; 2020 mar [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 2. Disponible en: https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/pages/covid-19-advice-for-use-entonox-in-labour-24april20.pdf

75. Jaffe S. Regulators split on antimalarials for COVID-19. The Lancet. abril de 2020;395(10231):1179.

76. Perras C. Remdesivir [Internet]. Ottawa: CADTH; 2020 abr [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 10 p. (COVID-19 CADTH Health Technology Review). Disponible en: https://cadth.ca/sites/default/files/covid-19/covid-remdesivir.pdf

77. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. marzo de 2020;30(3):269-71.

78. Cao Y, Deng Q, Dai S. Remdesivir for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing COVID-19: An evaluation of the evidence. :7.

79. Ferner RE, Aronson JK. Remdesivir in covid-19. BMJ. 22 de abril de 2020;m1610.

80. Meng J, Xiao G, Zhang J, He X, Ou M, Bi J, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 1 de enero de 2020;9(1):757-60.

81. Sarayani A, Cicali B, Henriksen CH, Brown JD. Safety signals for QT prolongation or Torsades de Pointes associated with azithromycin with or without chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. abril de 2020;S1551741120303910.

82. Covid M-A. Should ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers be stopped for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 p. 2. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/ace-i-and-arb-in-covid-19-(21-march-2020).pdf

83. Covid M-A. Should baricitinib be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 abr [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 2. Disponible en: https://bit.ly/2ybGnA4

84. Covid M-A, Ministry of Health Singapore. Should convalescent plasma be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 mar [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 3. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/convalescent-plasma-infusion-for-covid-19-(updated-27-march-2020).pdf

85. Covid M-A. Should favipiravir be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 abr [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 3. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/favipiravir-for-covid-19-(updated-28-april-2020).pdf

86. Covid M-A. Should ibuprofen be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 2. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/ibuprofen-in-covid-19-(21-march-2020).pdf

87. Covid M-A. Should interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 mar [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 4. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/il-6-inhibitors-in-covid-19-for-moh-publication-(updated-27-march-2020).pdf

88. Should protease inhibitors be used for COVID-19 [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 abr [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/protease-inhibitors-for-covid-19-(updated-14-april-2020).pdf

89. Covid M-A. Should remdesivir be used for COVID-19? [Internet]. Ministry of Health Singapore; 2020 abr [citado 30 de abril de 2020] p. 3. Disponible en: https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/clinical-evidence-summaries/remdesivir-for-covid-19-(updated-13-april-2020).pdf

90. Some drugs being considered for treatment of COVIDー19. The Medical Letter on DrugsTherapeuctics [Internet]. 16 de abril de 2020 [citado 27 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: https://secure.medicalletter.org/downloads/1595e_table.pdf

91. Ford N, Vitoria M, Rangaraj A, Norris SL, Calmy A, Doherty M. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of antiretroviral drugs against SARS, MERS or COVID‐19: initial assessment. J Intern AIDS Soc [Internet]. abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020];23(4). Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jia2.25489

92. Portnoy J, Waller M, Elliott T. Telemedicine in the Era of COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. marzo de 2020;S221321982030249X.

93. Temas de interés sobre: Medicamentos y COVID-19; Tratamientos del COVID-19; Flozinas [Internet]. CADIME. Centro Andaluz de Documentación e Información de Medicamentos; 2020 [citado 30 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://cadime.es/noticias/ultimas-noticias/120-noticias-covid-19/692-temas-de-interés-sobre-medicamentos-y-covid-19-tratamientos-del-covid-19-flozinas.html

94. Casadevall A, Pirofski L. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 13 de marzo de 2020;130(4):1545-8.

95. Yang Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Zhao Q, Liu J. The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Infection. abril de 2020;S0163445320301912.

96. Mair-Jenkins J, Saavedra-Campos M, Baillie JK, Cleary P, Khaw F-M, Lim WS, et al. The Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma and Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Viral Etiology: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 1 de enero de 2015;211(1):80-90.

97. Sarkar B, Ullah MdA, Johora FT, Taniya MA, Araf Y. The Essential Facts of Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China and Epitope-based Vaccine Designing against COVID-19 [Internet]. Immunology; 2020 feb [citado 23 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://biorxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.02.05.935072

98. Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Research. junio de 2020;178:104787.

99. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm’ in COVID-19. Journal of Infection. abril de 2020;S0163445320301651.

100. AminJafari A, Ghasemi S. The possible of immunotherapy for COVID-19: A systematic review. International Immunopharmacology. junio de 2020;83:106455.

101. Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clinical Immunology. mayo de 2020;214:108393.

102. Thachil J. The versatile heparin in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost [Internet]. 2 de abril de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jth.14821

103. Meda JMM, Almirall AS, Rojo MP, Grajera BA, Casals MR, Ramos CC, et al. Tractament farmacològic de la infecció per SARS-CoV-2. CatSalut; 2020 abr p. 27.

104. Tratamiento farmacológico de la infección COVID-19 en adultos. Síntesis rápida [Internet]. Universidad de Antioquia. Unidad de Evidencia y Deliberación para la toma de decisiones-UNED; 2020 abr [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://es.cochrane.org/sites/es.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/COVID-19/udea-uned_sintesisrapida_covid19_ncov19_tratamiento_rapissynthesis_covid19_ncov19_treatment_06abril2020.pdf

105. Tratamientos disponibles para el manejo de la infección respiratoria por SARS-CoV-2 [Internet]. Agencia Española de Medicamentos; 2020 mar [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.aemps.gob.es/laAEMPS/docs/medicamentos-disponibles-SARS-CoV-2-28-3-2020.pdf?x47154

106. Treatment Algorithm for Hospitalized Adults with Non–Severe COVID-19_YNHHS [Internet]. Yale New Haven Health; [citado 26 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.rivm.nl/sites/default/files/2020-04/YNHHS%20Treatment%20Algorithm%20for%20Hospitalized%20Adults%20with%20Non–Severe%20COVID-19.pdf

107. Groneberg D, Poutanen S, Low D, Lode H, Welte T, Zabel P. Treatment and vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. marzo de 2005;5(3):147-55.

108. Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, Yang Y, Li J, Yuan J, et al. Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma. JAMA [Internet]. 27 de marzo de 2020 [citado 23 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763983

109. Chan JF-W, Yao Y, Yeung M-L, Deng W, Bao L, Jia L, et al. Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset. J Infect Dis. 15 de diciembre de 2015;212(12):1904-13.

110. Feldmann M, Maini RN, Woody JN, Holgate ST, Winter G, Rowland M, et al. Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed. The Lancet. abril de 2020;S0140673620308588.

111. Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Levi M, Clark C, et al. Type and dose of heparin in COVID‐19. :3.

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• Bibliografía Hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina (actualizado 27 abril - 20 ítems)

1. Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano. ¿Cuál es la eficacia de la hidroxicloroquina en el tratamiento de la COVID-19 [Internet]. 2020 [citado 27 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://es.cochrane.org/es/%C2%BFcu%C3%A1l-es-la-eficacia-de-la-hidroxicloroquina-en-el-tratamiento-de-la-covid-19

2. Cortegiani A, Ingoglia G, Ippolito M, Giarratano A, Einav S. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19. Journal of Critical Care. marzo de 2020;S0883944120303907.

3. Gao J, Tian Z, Yang X. Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. BioScience Trends. :2.

4. Colson P, Rolain J-M, Lagier J-C, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. abril de 2020;55(4):105932.

5. Gupta N, Agrawal S, Ish P. Chloroquine in COVID-19: the evidence. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis [Internet]. 31 de marzo de 2020 [citado 28 de abril de 2020];90(1). Disponible en: https://www.monaldi-archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/1290

6. Aminian A, Safari S, Razeghian-Jahromi A, Ghorbani M, Delaney CP. COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period. Annals of Surgery. marzo de 2020;1.

7. Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, Alexandre MAA, Melo GC, Brito M, et al. Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 24 de abril de 2020;3(4):e208857.

8. Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, Jiang S, Han S, Yan D, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial [Internet]. Epidemiology; 2020 mar [citado 28 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.03.22.20040758

9. Agrawal S, Goel AD, Gupta N. Emerging prophylaxis strategies against COVID-19. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis [Internet]. 30 de marzo de 2020 [citado 28 de abril de 2020];90(1). Disponible en: https://monaldi-archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/1289

10. Owens B. Excitement around hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19 causes challenges for rheumatology. The Lancet Rheumatology. abril de 2020;S2665991320300898.

11. Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. marzo de 2020;105949.

12. Wilson FP. Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: What’s the Evidence? :7.

13. Commissioner O of the. Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for COVID-19: Drug Safety Communication - FDA Cautions Against Use Outside of the Hospital Setting or a Clinical Trial Due to Risk of Heart Rhythm Problems. FDA [Internet]. 24 de abril de 2020 [citado 28 de abril de 2020]; Disponible en: https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/hydroxychloroquine-or-chloroquine-covid-19-drug-safety-communication-fda-cautions-against-use

14. Pagliano P, Piazza O, De Caro F, Ascione T, Filippelli A. Is Hydroxychloroquine a possible post-exposure prophylaxis drug to limit the transmission to health care workers exposed to COVID19? Clin Infect Dis. 24 de marzo de 2020;

15. Moiseev S, Avdeev S, Brovko M, Novikov P, Fomin V. Is there a future for hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine in prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? Ann Rheum Dis. 21 de abril de 2020;annrheumdis-2020-217570.

16. Molina JM, Delaugerre C, Le Goff J, Mela-Lima B, Ponscarme D, Goldwirt L, et al. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses. marzo de 2020;S0399077X20300858.

17. Touret F, de Lamballerie X. Of chloroquine and COVID-19. Antiviral Research. mayo de 2020;177:104762.

18. Magagnoli J, Narendran S, Pereira F, Cummings T, Hardin JW, Sutton SS, et al. Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19 [Internet]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS); 2020 abr [citado 28 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://medrxiv.org/lookup/doi/10.1101/2020.04.16.20065920

19. Wg O. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW - PRELIMINARY REPORT. 2020;6.

20. Duan YJ, Liu Q, Zhao SQ, Huang F, Ren L, Liu L, et al. The Trial of Chloroquine in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 25 de marzo de 2020;36(2).