What Is Reconciliation? (4:46) on CBC Kids News
Reconciliation: What Does it Mean? (8:24) by Healthy Canadians
Learning the Unvarnished History of Canada is Key to Reconciliation with Jody Wilson-Raybould (7:12) on The National by CBC News
Courage: Going Forward in Aboriginal Education (11:50) with Brad Baker
Canada’s Future is Through Education and Reconciliation (47:41) with Roberta Jamieson
Jagged Worldviews Colliding by Leroy Littlebear
Two-Eyed Seeing: Building Cultural Bridges for Aboriginal Students by Annamarie Hatcher and Cheryl Bartlett on Integrative Science (2010)
Unpacking the Indigenous Student Experience (12:41) with Matthew Provost from TEDx SFU
2019 Global Symposium: Albert Marshall, Two-Eyed Seeing (36:18) from Samuel Centre for Social Connectedness
The readings and videos in this module helped me see how truth-telling, justice, and Two-Eyed Seeing are deeply connected, and how education needs to shift if we are going to move forward in a good way. One thing that really stood out was how Two-Eyed Seeing gives us a framework to understand the world through both Indigenous and Western perspectives, without trying to collapse one into the other. Learning from Albert Marshall’s words reminded me that this isn't about blending or simplifying, but about holding space for complexity. It made me reflect on how much of the curriculum still centers Western views as the default. Two-Eyed Seeing offers a path to truly value Indigenous ways of knowing as equal and essential within academia.
From this module, I’m taking away several actionable steps for my classroom:
Begin land-based learning projects grounded in Indigenous knowledge: I plan to expand our science and social studies units to include teachings from local Indigenous Knowledge Keepers, especially when exploring ecosystems or natural resources. I want students to understand that the land is not just a setting for learning, it is a teacher.
Use storytelling and oral history to explore justice and reconciliation
Rather than only using written texts, I will incorporate videos, interviews, and visits (when possible) from Indigenous community members to help students connect emotionally and intellectually with lived experiences. This supports both Indigenous pedagogies and multiple learning styles.
Co-create classroom agreements rooted in respect and relationship
Inspired by the First Peoples Principles of Learning, I will guide students in building shared commitments that reflect values like humility, community responsibility, and care for self, others, and the land. This supports both personal reflection and collective responsibility.
Overall, Module 7 helped me move from awareness to intention. I feel more confident naming my responsibilities as a non-Indigenous educator and also more open to continuing this journey with humility. I want my students to see that reconciliation is not just history: it is action, choice, and relationship in the present.
As I continue to grow in my understanding of reconciliation, I’ve realized how much my early learning focused on surface-level awareness like land acknowledgments, historical facts, moments of recognition. But watching videos like What Is Reconciliation? and hearing Jody Wilson-Raybould speak about the importance of truth and unvarnished history reminded me that reconciliation is not a moment, it’s a long-term, relational process.
Through recent learning and reflection, I’ve come to see reconciliation as different things to different people. For Indigenous communities, it often means truth-telling, healing, justice, and self-determination. For educators like myself, it must mean moving beyond symbolic gestures into meaningful relationship-building and systemic change, especially in how we teach, listen, and show up.
So far, I’ve tried to educate myself by reading the TRC Calls to Action, engaging with Indigenous-authored books and resources, and shifting my classroom practices to better reflect Indigenous worldviews. But I know this is just a beginning. Moving forward, I want to deepen my connection to local Nations, integrate land-based and relational pedagogies more authentically, and advocate for Indigenous voice and leadership within our schools.
Ultimately, my role in reconciliation is to listen deeply, reflect honestly, and act with care. I won’t always get it right, but I’m committed to learning, unlearning, and walking forward with humility and purpose.
Where I Learned About Reconciliation
I first really encountered the term in school (history and social studies), often in relation to residential schools, treaties, and apology statements by governments.
Over time, I’ve watched media (news, documentaries, CBC etc.), read reports like the Truth & Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action, and heard stories from Indigenous voices (Elders, authors, community members).
The videos you asked me to watch reinforced what I’ve learned — that reconciliation is not just symbolic, it’s practical, ongoing, relational.
Different Meanings to Different Stakeholders
Yes, I see now that “reconciliation” is interpreted in different ways depending on who is defining it:
Indigenous people / survivors / communities often see it as about truth-telling, healing, justice, restoring rights, preserving language, culture, land, and having power over their own lives. It’s also generational — restoring relationships not only between people alive now, but with past (ancestors) and future generations.
Non‑Indigenous individuals / governments / institutions often see it as apology, policy changes, education, changing narratives, maybe structural changes. But sometimes more superficial: memorials, land acknowledgments, gestures, without deeper systemic changes.
Policy makers / public servants may see it in legal / institutional terms: fulfilment of treaty rights; aligning with UNDRIP; changing laws; ensuring public services are culturally safe; changes in curriculum; redressing legacies of harm.
** educators** see reconciliation as something to embed in teaching: including Indigenous perspectives, land‑based learning, relationality, challenging stereotypes, acknowledging history honestly, creating safe and inclusive spaces.
What Work I’ve Done to Understand Reconciliation & My Role
I’ve tried to educate myself: reading the TRC Reports, books by Indigenous authors, listening to Indigenous voices and stories, attending workshops / PD (when possible) about cultural safety, Indigenous worldviews, colonial history.
I’ve reflected on my own assumptions, biases, privilege: where I come from, what I may take for granted, what I don’t know.
In my teaching practice, I’ve tried to bring in Indigenous perspectives in more than a token way: making sure learning about Indigenous knowledge isn’t just a unit in one month, but embedded in how I see land, science, social studies, stories. Also trying to make classroom culture more relational, safer, more respectful, to value multiple ways of knowing.
I’ve tried to listen: to community, Elders, Indigenous colleagues, to see what they want, what has/hasn’t worked. Understanding that reconciliation is as much about being in relationship and active listening as about “doing things.”
What I Would Like to Continue Learning / Doing
Deepening my understanding of local Indigenous cultures / Nations: their histories, languages, ceremonies, stewardship of land, current issues. Because reconciliation needs to be local, grounded in the place where I live and teach.
Learning more about policy: treaties, rights, legal frameworks, UNDRIP, how systemic change happens (funding, governance, decision‑making). Understanding what obligations exist, and where gaps are.
Practically, growing my ability to integrate Indigenous pedagogies: land‑based learning, experiential learning, storytelling, relationality, etc. Not only knowing about them but using them well, with humility and respect.
Building strong, trusting, ongoing relationships with Indigenous communities, Elders, knowledge keepers — not just inviting them in occasionally, but developing partnerships. Asking what they want, co‑creating work.
Reflecting constantly, being open to feedback, acknowledging mistakes, being willing to adjust. Being persistent — reconciliation is long term, not a one‑off.
Advocating for institutional change: in curriculum, in school district policies, in assessment, in who has voice / who gets power.
Personal Role / Commitment
I see my role as someone who must do more than teach facts. I want to create learning spaces where Indigenous students feel safe, respected, seen; where their knowledge is not just included but centered; where all students understand how colonization has shaped the society we live in, and what they can do to make relationships better.
I commit to humility: recognizing that I will make mistakes, and that Indigenous people must lead much of this work; that I must follow, listen, learn.
I want to hold hope alongside accountability: acknowledging the hard history, the ongoing harms, but believing in possibility — through actions, through relationships, through change.
CBC Kids News. (2021, September 30). What is reconciliation? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e8oDPq-Ybc
CBC News: The National. (2021, September 30). Learning the unvarnished history of Canada is key to reconciliation, says Jody Wilson-Raybould [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHGyQH9BPcA
Healthy Canadians. (2021, September 28). Reconciliation: What does it mean? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHGyQH9BPcA
Public Inquiries
Read Commission's Final Report: Chairperson-Initiated Complaint and Public Interest Investigation Into the RCMP's Investigation of the Death of Colten Boushie and the Events that Followed from the Government of Canada website.
Open presentation below and use speaker notes for information.
Watching Brad Baker speak about courage, role models, and agents of change in decolonizing education has me thinking hard: who are the people shaping my path, overtly and quietly, in doing this work. Mentors are people who guide, support, challenge, and sometimes correct me in this work. Some are official, some informal. These are groups of people, but without names because this is a public site, whose example inspires me in how they’ve worked for inclusion, justice, truth, and meaningful change:
Past teachers and mentors who have been brave in drawing attention to inequities, who showed kindness and humility, who listened. People who didn’t shy away from letting students feel seen (or marginalized), and who tried to learn along with students. Their example reminds me that small acts of respect and inclusion matter.
Indigenous authors, artists, scholars those whose work I read: those who write about land, identity, colonialism, resilience. They provide thought leadership, frameworks, and lived perspectives that I try to bring into my classroom.
Local Indigenous Education Staff / Aboriginal Ed Dept in my school district. Staff whose job involves supporting teachers to do this work well: helping find authentic resources, facilitating connections with Nations/Elders, guiding protocol, offering PD. Their knowledge of the local context is invaluable.
Elders & Knowledge Keepers who are willing to partner with schools—those who I’ve had contact with or hope to build relationships with. They show me what it means to speak with authority from lived experience, from culture, from history beyond textbooks.
Colleagues & Peer Educators who are doing this work in classrooms: teachers who try things, reflect, share; especially those who are not perfect but are open. People who ask tough questions; who when they mess up, own it; who are willing to shift and change.
Scholars & Researchers (Indigenous scholars especially) whose work provides frameworks, critique, and knowledge: people who write about decolonization, assessment, Indigenous pedagogies, identity. Their writing gives both wisdom and tools.
Thinking through who my role models and mentors are, and who I want them to be, helps me see where I’m growing and where I still need scaffolding.
I see that courage is necessary. not just performing reconciliation or inclusion, but pushing for systemic change, being open to discomfort, being willing to be wrong sometimes. Role models who do this help me learn how to do it well.
I also see the importance of local, relational, community‑grounded mentors: people in my own region, with whom I can build trust, continuity, accountability. Not just external experts, but people who are part of the places, histories, and communities of my students.
I need to keep seeking out those relationships, and keep inviting feedback. I need to let mentorship come both formally (PD, school leadership, Indigenous Ed staff) and informally (Elders, colleagues, community members).
What reconciliACTION Means to Me
To me, reconciliACTION (as Roberta Jamieson puts it: reconciliation as a verb, not just a noun or event) means:
Ongoing effort, not a one‑time thing: It’s not enough to have a land acknowledgment, or one story about residential schools. Real reconciliation means doing the hard work repeatedly: listening, learning, changing practices, fixing systems, giving up power, and staying committed even when it’s uncomfortable.
Action rooted in truth and justice: It means truth‑telling (of histories, of harms), and then acting in ways that address those harms. For example, recognizing inequities, changing policies, following Indigenous leadership, restoring what was lost (language, land, knowledge), supporting Indigenous ways of being in the present and future.
Relational responsibility: It’s about relationships — between people, between settlers and Indigenous communities, between learners and land. It means taking responsibility: being accountable, not waiting for others to lead or fix things, but contributing in ways that are respectful, humble, and grounded in the needs and wishes of Indigenous communities.
Daily practice & mindset: It’s not something to add on; it’s something that shapes how I think, plan, teach, behave every day. It means making choices in small moments (what I teach, what resources I use, how I acknowledge land, how I listen) that align with justice, respect, inclusion.
To help students move from understanding to action and allyship, here are ways I could share the reconciliACTION mindset in the classroom:
Model what action looks like
Share with students what I am doing: books I’m reading, changes I’m making, mistakes I’ve made, where I’ve asked for feedback. Showing the journey, not just the destination.
Invite Elders or Indigenous community members to share what action means in their lives and their vision for the future.
Embed action in learning
Design projects that not only learn about Indigenous history or perspectives, but require students to do something with that knowledge: e.g. land‑based stewardship, service, advocacy, restoration, producing something that benefits the school or community.
Use inquiry questions like “What can we do in our local community to better honour Indigenous perspectives?” rather than just “What happened historically?”
Create safe spaces for conversation and reflection
Let students reflect on what they’ve learned, what surprises them, what discomforts them. Encourage questions.
Normalize making mistakes, asking hard questions, unlearning biases.
Have classroom norms that respect stories, different identities, lived realities.
Cultivate allyship skills
Teach what allyship looks like: listening, amplifying Indigenous voices, speaking out against inequity, sharing responsibility.
Give students vocabulary and tools: e.g. how to ask respectful questions, how to research Indigenous perspectives, how to recognize privilege, how to take guidance from community.
Encourage students to commit to small, sustained actions like reading an Indigenous author each term; using correct place‑names; participating in community/land‑based events; speaking up when something is unfair.
Make institutional/structural change visible and participatory
Involve students in school decisions (assemblies, displays, curriculum choices) especially where Indigenous content is involved.
Advocate (with students) for things like Indigenous authors in texts, inclusion of Indigenous languages/place names, more support, more equitable assessment practices.
Celebrate not just symbolic events, but report and reflect on progress: e.g. actions taken, what changed, what remains.
Celebrate successes & resilience
Highlight stories of Indigenous strengths, leadership, resilience, creativity.
Acknowledge when students or classrooms take action (however small), giving affirmation for effort, not just result. This helps maintain momentum and sense of possibility.
Baker, B. [Brad Baker]. (2019, June 29). Courage: Going forward in Aboriginal education – Brad Baker | TEDxWestVancouverED [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/5Wk48muy4oM
Universities Canada. (2020, November 17). Canada’s future is through education and reconciliation: Roberta Jamieson [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzWawerJgTo
Progress on Call to Action #57: Professional Development for Public Servants
Call to Action #57 from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) calls on the federal government to provide all public servants with mandatory training on Indigenous history, including residential schools, treaties, and Indigenous rights (Truth and Reconciliation Commission [TRC], 2015). This training aims to foster a deeper understanding and respect for Indigenous peoples and support reconciliation efforts across government services.
Progress Made:
According to the Government of Canada’s reports and updates, efforts have been made to introduce and implement Indigenous cultural competency training for federal public servants. The Canada School of Public Service has developed Indigenous cultural competency courses that are mandatory for many departments, aiming to educate employees about Indigenous histories and rights (Government of Canada, 2023).
The CBC’s Beyond 94 investigation into the TRC Calls to Action highlights that while initial steps have been taken, the implementation varies widely across agencies. Some departments have fully integrated training into their onboarding and ongoing professional development, whereas others lag behind with inconsistent or optional programs (CBC, 2021). The lack of centralized tracking makes it difficult to measure completion rates and overall impact effectively. Frontline workers in agencies such as immigration, health, and justice services report feeling underprepared, signaling that more comprehensive and ongoing training is necessary to meet the goals of Call to Action #57 (CBC, 2021).
Though federal agencies have acknowledged the importance of Indigenous training and made strides toward integrating it, full and effective implementation seems to remain a work in progress. Strengthening the consistency, accountability, and depth of such training across all public service sectors will be essential to truly advance reconciliation (TRC, 2015; CBC, 2021).
References
CBC. (2021). Beyond 94: Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/beyond-94
Government of Canada. (2023). Delivering on Truth and Reconciliation Commission Calls to Action. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1524494530110/1557511412801
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Calls to Action. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/indigenous-people/aboriginal-peoples-documents/calls_to_action_english2.pdf
Both the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) and B.C.’s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act Action Plan (DRIPPA) were new to me other than reading summaries that other people had posted about them online or hearing the terms in PD sessions. Sitting down and reading them was eye opening.
What stood out to me is that these aren’t just symbolic documents. They lay out clear expectations about how governments, institutions, and even schools should respect and uphold Indigenous rights - especially around land, language, self-determination, and education (United Nations, 2007). DRIPPA goes further by making UNDRIP legally binding in B.C. and includes 89 specific actions the province plans to take in partnership with Indigenous Peoples (Government of British Columbia, 2022).
So why is it important to read these? Because as educators, we are directly involved in shaping young people's understanding of rights, identity, and justice. These documents challenge us to move beyond acknowledgment and actually change how our systems, including schools, operate.
One big takeaway for me is that education is a central right in both documents. Indigenous communities have the right to education that reflects their languages, cultures, and worldviews (United Nations, 2007, Article 14). That means I have a responsibility to incorporate Indigenous perspectives in authentic, respectful, and ongoing ways. Not just during Indigenous Peoples Month or Orange Shirt Day.
In my classroom, I can use this knowledge to:
Build curriculum that includes Indigenous voices and knowledge systems.
Support language revitalization efforts where possible (even small gestures like using local place names or greetings).
Advocate for policies in my school or district that align with DRIPPA’s action items (like increased hiring of Indigenous educators or collaboration with Nations on land-based learning).
Some questions I still have:
What mechanisms are in place to ensure accountability on these action items?
How can classroom teachers meaningfully participate in implementation without overstepping or making assumptions?
What supports exist to help us co-plan with Indigenous communities in ways that are reciprocal, not extractive?
I'd love to hear how others are navigating this work in your own schools and whether you've seen DRIPPA influencing real change yet.
Government of British Columbia. (2022). Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act Action Plan (2022–2027). https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/government/ministries-organizations/ministries/indigenous-relations-reconciliation/declaration_act_action_plan.pdf
United Nations. (2007). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf
Cedar weaving is a deeply respected Coast Salish art form, symbolizing connection, patience, and strength built through interlacing separate strands. Like two-eyed seeing, the basket shows how different ways of knowing can be woven together without losing their unique qualities to create something stronger and more resilient. This metaphor reflects the importance of balance, respect, and collaboration in education, rooted in the land and culture of the lək̓ʷəŋən People, known today as the Esquimalt and Songhees Nations. It reminds me that knowledge isn’t just about what we hold, but how we hold it together and that weaving is a process requiring skill, care, and relationship.