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Cong Cao
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Cong Cao
  • Home
  • About
  • Research
  • Publications
  • Teaching
  • Talks
  • Service
  • More
    • Home
    • About
    • Research
    • Publications
    • Teaching
    • Talks
    • Service

Causal AI and Clinical Decision-Making

I develop causal inference and AI methods for clinical and surgical applications.

Selected Work

  • Causal Inference under Interference with Learned Exposure Mappings

  • When Prediction Error Is Not Enough: Evaluating Nuisance-Function Prediction for Causal Estimation

  • AI-Assisted Causal Inference and Mediation Analyses of Environmental and Psychosocial Determinants of Subjective Cognitive Difficulties in the All of Us Research Program

  • Challenges and Recent Advances in Visual and Haptic Feedback for AI-Enhanced Teleoperated Robot-Assisted Surgery


Representation Learning and Multimodal Biomedical Data

Biomedical research increasingly brings together data from many sources, including clinical, laboratory, behavioral, socioeconomic, and genomic data.

I develop representation learning methods for integrating these data while capturing latent structure that can be useful for biomedical research. I am particularly interested in using learned representations to study complex relationships and potential mechanisms in high-dimensional health data.

Selected Work

  • AI-driven Multimodal Representation Learning for Latent Mediation Structure Discovery of Socioeconomic Disadvantage, Psychosocial Factors, and Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity

  • Different representation learning objectives recover distinct latent structures from the same psychometric data

Environmental and Population Health

Earlier in my research, I used machine learning and statistical methods to study environmental exposures, population health, and social vulnerability.

This work combined large-scale data on air pollution, weather, traffic, climate, health, and sociodemographic factors.

Selected Work

  • Modeling impacts of traffic, air pollution, and weather conditions on cardiopulmonary disease mortality

  • How to better predict the effect of urban traffic and weather on air pollution? Norwegian evidence from machine learning approaches

  • Interaction between Climate Factors and Air Quality in Three Norwegian Cities: A machine learning analysis

  • Physics-based machine learning for predicting urban air pollution using decadal time series data

  • Integration of ten years of daily weather, traffic, and air pollution data from Norway’s six largest cities

  • Inequitable efficiency: Unravelling the social and built environment drivers of London’s housing energy performance


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Palo Alto, California

© 2026 Cong Cao 

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