"The revolution has always been in the hands of the young. The young always inherit the revolution."
Huey Newton
Each year before beginning a lesson on the Civil Rights Movement, whether working with elementary students or undergraduate preservice teachers, I always ask the same question. "What do you know about the Civil Rights Movement? Who do you know?" Each year the answers I receive vary little, and can almost all be summed up by the narrative that late civil rights activist Julian Bond described as, "Rosa sat down, Martin Stood up, then the white folks saw the light of day" (quoted in Cobb, 2016). The complexities of the Civil Rights Movement are rarely presented in elementary social studies, and year after year, students repeat the same decontextualized "I Have a Dream" crafts and writing assignments (e.g. Wills, 2005). These assignments do little to help students understand our country's history of racism, and do not equip students to understand or confront the racial dynamics of our country today.
A typical elementary school craft about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., creativechild.com
Instead of perpetuating the myth that a select handful of heroic figures made change on their own, we should be putting these figures within the larger context of collective struggles for justice (Kohl, 2003; Picower 2012). We should be interrogating what these figures really stood for and stood against, and we should be disrupting the whitewashed narratives presented in popular media and curricular materials (Kent, 1999).
This project is designed to be completed over an extended period of time, ideally six to eight weeks.
Students will be exposed to a wide range of events and people involved in the African American Civil Rights Movement and the Chicano Movement. After learning a bit about each of these movements, students will work individually or in groups to then select one topic to research further. Students will spend the next three weeks researching their topics, and will then create a posterboard presentation to showcase their event.
At the end of the project, students will hang their posters in chronological order throughout the classroom, creating one large timeline of the Civil Rights Movement, and will each prepare short oral presentations to teach others about their topic. I encourage teachers to celebrate the publication of these projects by inviting families, community members, and other classes to come walk through the timeline to learn from students as they stand by their posters and present their work.
Mendez v. Westminster
Brown v. Board of Education
The Murder of Emmett Till
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Integration of Central High School
The Greensboro Sit-ins
The Freedom Rides
March on Washington
Birmingham church bombing
The Children’s March
Freedom Summer
The Selma March
The Civil Rights Acts of 1964
The Black Panther Party
East LA Walkouts
UFW Delano Grape Strike & Boycott
This is not a comprehensive list of every event of every group of people from the Civil Rights Movement. Teachers are encouraged to add any additional topics to this list as they see fit.
Introduction to the civil rights movement: vocabulary, historical context
Introduction to topics available to study
Assign groups and topics of study based on student interest
Provide students with research packets and research materials
Teach mini-lessons on research strategies, such as:
How to analyze primary sources
Choosing valid sources of information
Finding key information in text
Organizing materials
These weeks are all very student-centered. The teacher should be available to conference and read with students, to provide resources, to help with strategies, to teach whole group or small group mini-lessons, and to ask good questions. The students should be working harder than the teacher!
Students wrap up their research
Students create visual presentations
Students present orally to the class
Publication day! Students present their final timeline presentations to parents, students, and guests
This website provides many resources to help teachers implement this project. Please view the following pages: