Since system administration is a difficult task, many tools have been developed to make life easier for the administrator.These tools often enhance the way systems are installed, configured, and maintained.One of the tools which can be used to enhance the security of a FreeBSD system is jails.Jails have been available since FreeBSD 4.X and continue to be enhanced in their usefulness, performance, reliability, and security.

In a traditional chroot environment, processes are only limited in the part of the file system they can access.The rest of the system resources, system users, running processes, and the networking subsystem are shared by the chrooted processes and the processes of the host system.Jails expand this model by virtualizing access to the file system, the set of users, and the networking subsystem.More fine-grained controls are available for tuning the access of a jailed environment.Jails can be considered as a type of operating system-level virtualization.

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Some administrators divide jails into different types, although the underlying technology is the same.Each administrator will have to assess what type of jail to create in each case depending on the problem they have to solve.

A thin jail shares the base system using OpenZFS snapshots or NullFS mounts from a template.Only a minimal subset of base system is duplicated for each thin jail, resulting in less resource consumption compared to a thick jail.However, this also means that thin jails have less isolation and independence compared to thick jails.Changes in shared components could potentially affect multiple thin jails simultaneously.

Resource Efficiency: Thin jails are more resource-efficient compared to thick jails. Since they share most of the base system, they consume less disk space and memory. This makes it possible to run more jails on the same hardware without consuming excessive resources.

Unified Maintenance: Since thin jails share the majority of their base system with the host system, updates and maintenance of common base system components (such as libraries and binaries) only need to be done once on the host. This simplifies the maintenance process compared to maintaining an individual base system for each thick jail.

Shared Resources: Thin jails can more easily share common resources such as libraries and binaries with the host system. This can potentially lead to more efficient disk caching and improved performance for applications within the jail.

Dependency Conflicts: If multiple thin jails require different versions of the same libraries or software, managing dependencies can become complex. In some cases, this might require additional effort to ensure compatibility.

Compatibility Challenges: Applications within a thin jail might encounter compatibility issues if they assume a certain base system environment that differs from the shared components provided by the template.

A FreeBSD VNET jail is a virtualized environment that allows for the isolation and control of network resources for processes running within it.It provides a high level of network segmentation and security by creating a separate network stack for processes within the jail,ensuring that network traffic within the jail is isolated from the host system and other jails.

A FreeBSD Linux Jail is a feature in the FreeBSD operating system that enables the use of Linux binaries and applications within a FreeBSD jail.This functionality is achieved by incorporating a compatibility layer that allows certain Linux system calls and libraries to be translated and executed on the FreeBSD kernel.The purpose of a Linux Jail is to facilitate the execution of Linux software on a FreeBSD system without needing a separate Linux virtual machine or environment.

Virtual Networks are a feature of FreeBSD jails that offer more advanced and flexible networking solutions than a basic networking mode like host networking.VNET allows the creation of isolated network stacks for each jail, providing them with their own separate IP addresses, routing tables, and network interfaces.This offers a higher level of network isolation and allows jails to function as if they are running on separate virtual machines.

netgraph(4) is a versatile kernel framework for creating custom network configurations.It can be used to define how network traffic flows between jails and the host system and between different jails.

In case a host system has few jails, an entry for each jail can be added in the file /etc/jail.conf.If the host system has many jails, it is a good idea to have one configuration file for each jail in the /etc/jail.conf.d/ directory.

Although Thin Jails use the same technology as Thick Jails, the creation procedure is different.Thin jails can be created using OpenZFS snapshots or using templates and NullFS.The use of OpenZFS snapshots and templates using NullFS have certain advantages over classic jails,such as being able to create them faster from snapshots or being able to update multiple jails using NullFS.

The next step will be to create a jail as indicated above, for example in Creating a Thin Jail Using OpenZFS Snapshots, but without performing the configuration.FreeBSD Linux jails require a specific configuration that will be detailed below.

When the process has finished and the message Base system installed successfully is displayed on the console,it will be necessary to stop the jail from the host system by executing the following command:

Once the jail is created, there are a number of operations that can be performed, like starting, rebooting or deleting the jail, installing software in it, etc.In this section the different actions that can be done with jails from the host will be described.

Jails must be updated from the host operating system.The default behavior in FreeBSD is to disallow the use of chflags(1) in a jail.This will prevent the update of some files so updating from within the jail will fail.

To upgrade the jail to a new major or minor version, first upgrade the host system as described in Performing Major and Minor Version Upgrades.Once the host has been upgraded and rebooted, the jail can then be upgraded.

The Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press monitors subpoenas and other legal threats targeting journalists, and helps those facing government attempts to force them to testify about or disclose their sources and newsgathering information. This list is a running tally of known instances in which journalists have been jailed, fined or both for refusing to comply with such requests as of 2019. This list, however, may be incomplete, as these cases are difficult to monitor since many do not receive press attention. To report an instance not included here, please contact our Legal Defense Hotline.

This website is intended to comply with the public information act and is provided to make information available to the public. As the Official Custodian of Record, Aaron Shirley asks all open records request's be submitted to the facility. (See contact us page) This information should not be used in any manner to injure, harass, or commit a criminal act against any person or family member of a person named in the jail facility. Any such action could subject you to criminal prosecution. All persons charged are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. If errors are noted in any inmate record the Barren County Detention Center will make every attempt to verify and correct the error as soon as we are made aware of it.

The Jail Division has made continuous improvements in inmate management, building security, and delivery of medical and food services. Jail Commanders have taken time to listen to staff directly and understand the challenges faced daily. Several adjustments have been made to the training program, performance expectations, and philosophy at the jail.

While the staff at the Main Jail is dedicated to ensuring the prompt processing and release of eligible arrestees, the amount of time required to complete this process may be affected by the volume of arrestees being processed simultaneously and/or the availability of information from state and national databases.FIRST APPEARANCEAll arrestees who do not bond out of jail will routinely appear before a judge within 24 hours after arrest. If Arrested on Saturday or Sunday, they will see the judge on Monday. The judge will inform the arrestee of the charge(s) and, if appropriate, will set a bond amount.

State statute [730 ILCS 5/3-15-2] established the Unit. The Unit is required to inspect each county jail on an annual basis [see 730 ILCS 5/3-15-3] for compliance with the County Jail Standards. Municipal lockups may be inspected for compliance with the Municipal Jail and Lockup Standards based upon various factors, including but not limited to: the size of the lockup; whether detainees stay overnight or over 24 hours; whether the lockup is a juvenile No-Hold facility; and upon request of the chief of police. The Unit, through the Director of the Department of Corrections, has the authority to refer facilities in serious noncompliance to the Illinois Attorney General to file a petition in the appropriate court for an order requiring such facility to comply with the established standards.

The Unit includes one unit manager, four criminal justice specialists (commonly known as jail inspectors) and one administrative assistant. The state is divided into four separate regions with a criminal justice specialist assigned to each region: Cook and collar counties with the office at Chicago Heights, north with the office at Dixon Correctional Center, central with the office at Springfield Central Office, and south with the office being at Big Muddy River Correctional Center. These specialists travel a minimum of three days each week to complete their job duties. There are 92 county jails in 102 counties in Illinois.

The criminal justice specialists conduct the on-site inspections of county jails and municipal lockups for compliance with standards. Additionally, follow-ups may be conducted upon unusual occurrences as well as consultations regarding detention operations, renovations, new construction and staffing recommendations. In the capacity of ombudsmen, Unit employees respond to citizen and detainee complaints relating to detention operations, civil rights and legal responsibilities. 589ccfa754

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