Full-length Manuscripts

• Alisafaei F, Shakiba D, Hong Y, Ramahdita G, Huang Y, Iannucci LE, Davidson MD, Jafari M, Qian J, Qu C, Ju D, Flory DR, Huang YY,  Gupta P, Jiang S, Mujahid A, Singamaneni S, Pryse KM, Chao PG, Burdick JA, Lake SP, Elson EL, Huebsch N, Shenoy VB, and Genin GM (2025). Tension anisotropy drives fibroblast phenotypic transition by self-reinforcing cell–extracellular matrix mechanical feedback. Nature Materials 24: 955–965. 

• Wen SM, Wen WC, Chao PG (2022), Zyxin and Actin Structure Confer Anisotropic YAP Mechanotransduction. Acta Biomaterialia 152, 313-320 .

• Chi YH, Wang WP, Hung MC, Liou GG, Wang JY, Chao PG (2022), Deformation of the nucleus by TGFβ1 via the remodeling of nuclear envelope and histone isoforms. Epigenetics & Chromatin 15(1):1.

• Lin, HH, Chao PG Chao, Tai WC, Chang PC (2021). 3D-Printed Collagen-Based Waveform Microfibrous Scaffold for Periodontal Ligament Reconstruction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(14): 7725.

• Chang CW, Lee JH, Chao PG (2020), Chemical Optimization for Functional Ligament Tissue Engineering, Tissue Engineering Part A, 26, 102-110.

• Bonnevie ED, Gullbrand SE, Ashinsky BG, Tsinman TK, Elliott DM, Chao PG, Smith HE, Mauck RL (2019), Aberrant mechanosensing in injured intervertebral discs as a result of boundary-constraint disruption and residual-strain loss, Nature Biomedical Engineering 3, 998-1008.

• Wu CY, Guan ZY, Lin PC, Chen ST, Lin PK, Chen PC, Chao PG, Chen HY (2019). Defined cell adhesion for silicon-based implant materials by using vapor-deposited functional coatings. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 175, 545-553.

• Szczesny SE, Driscoll TP, Tseng HY, Liu PC, Heo SJ, Mauck RL, Chao PG (2017). Crimped nanofibrous biomaterials mimic microstructure and mechanics of native tissue and alter strain transfer to cells. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 3(11):2869-2876.

• Lin BJ, Tsao SH, Chen A, Hu SK, Chao L, Chao PG (2017). Lipid Rafts Sense and Direct Electric Field-induced Migration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 114(32):8568-8573.

• Yuan X, Wei Y, Villasante A, Ng J,Arkonac DE, Chao PG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2017). Stem cell delivery in tissue-specific hydrogel enabled meniscal repair in an orthotopic rat model. Biomaterials, 132:59-71.

• Yuan X, Eng GM, Arkonac DE, Chao PG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2015). Endothelial cells enhance migration of meniscus cells. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 67:182-192.

• Yodmuang S, McNamara SL, Nover AB, Mandal BB, Agarwal M, Kelly TN, Chao PG, Hung CT, Kaplan DL, and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2015). Silk microfiber-reinforced silk hydrogel composites for functional cartilage tissue repair. Acta Biomaterialia;11:27-36.

• Chao PG, Sheng SC, Chang WR (2014). Micro-composite Substrates for the Study of Cell-Matrix Mechanical Interactions. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 38:232-241.

• Chao PG, Hsu HY, Tseng HY (2014). Electrospun Microcrimped Fibers with Nonlinear Mechanical Properties Enhance Ligament Fibroblast Phenotype. Biofabrication, 6:035008.

• Kuo YW, Hsu YC, Chuang IT, Chao PG, Wang JL (2014). Spinal Traction Promotes Molecular Transportation in a Simulated Degenerative Intervertebral Disc Model; Spine Journal, 39:E550-E556.

• Yuan X, Arkonac DE, Chao PG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2014). Electrical stimulation enhances cell migration and integrative repair in the meniscus. Scientific Reports; 4:3674.

• Yodmuang S, Gadjanski I, Chao PG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2013). Transient hypoxia improves matrix properties in tissue engineered cartilage. Journal of Orthopaedic Research; 31(4): 544-553.

• Feng CH, Cheng YC, Chao PG (2013). The Influence and Interactions of Substrate Thickness, Organization and Dimensionality on Cell Morphology and Migration. Acta Biomaterialia; 9(3): 5502–5510.

• Tsai CH, Lin BJ, and Chao PG (2013). α2β1 Integrin and RhoA Mediates Electric Field-Induced Ligament Fibroblast Migration Directionality. Journal of Orthopaedic Research; 31(2):322-327.

• Wang PY, Wu TH, Chao PG, Kuo WH, Wang MJ, Hsu CC and Tsai WB (2013). Modulation of cell attachment and collagen production of anterior cruciate ligament cells via submicron grooves/ridges structures with different cell affinity. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 110(1), 327-337.

• Liao CS, Zhuo ZY, Yu JY, Tzeng YY, Chu SW, Yu SF, and Chao PG (2011). Decrimping: The first stage of collagen thermal denaturation unraveled by in situ second-harmonic-generation imaging, Applied Physics Letters, 98(15): 153703.

• Chao PG, Yodmuang S, Wang X, Sun L, Kaplan DL, and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2010). Silk Hydrogel for Functional Cartilage Tissue Engineering, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, 95B(1), 84-90.

• Grayson WL, Bhumiratana S, Chao PG, Hung CT, and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2010). Spatial regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in engineered osteochondral constructs: effects of pre-differentiation, soluble factors and medium perfusion, Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 18(5), 714-723.

• Tandon N, Canizzaro C, Chao PG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2009). Electrical Stimulation for Engineering Cardiac and Orthopaedic Tissue. Nature Protocols, 4, 155-173.

• Oswald ES, Chao PG, Bulinski JC, Ateshian GA, and Hung CT (2008). Dependence of Zonal Chondrocyte Water Transport Properties on Osmotic Environment. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering 1, 339-348.

• Lima EG, Chao PG, Ateshian GA, Bal BS, Cook JL, Vunjak-Novakovic G and Hung CT (2008). The effect of devitalized trabecular bone on the formation of osteochondral tissue-engineered constructs. Biomaterials 29, 4292-4299. 

• Grayson WL, Bhumiratana S, Cannizzaro C, Chao PG, Lennon DP, Caplan AI and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2008). Effects of Initial Seeding Density and Fluid Perfusion Rate on Formation of Tissue-Engineered Bone. Tissue Engineering Part A 14, 1809-1820.

• Grayson WL, Chao PG, Marolt D, Kaplan DL, and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2008). Engineering Custom-Designed Osteochondral Tissue Grafts, Trends in Biotechnology 26:181-189. 

• Chao PG, Grayson WG, Vunjak-Novakovic G (2007). Engineering Cartilage and Bone using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Journal of Orthopaedic Science 12(4):398-404. 

• Finkelstein E, Chao PG, Hung CT, and Bulinski JC (2007). Electric Field-Induced Polarization of Charged Cell Surface Proteins Does Not Determine the Direction of Galvanotaxis, Cell Motility and Cytoskeleton 64:833-846.

• Chao PG, Nicoll SB, Bulinski JC, Lu HH and Hung CT (2007). Effects of Applied DC Electric Field on Ligament Fibroblast Migration and Wound Healing. Connective Tissue Research, 48(4):188-197.

• Oswald ES, Chao PG, Bulinski JC, Ateshian GA, Hung CT (2006). Chondrocyte nuclear response to osmotic loading, Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 1: 3659-3661.

• Chao PG, West AC, and Hung CT (2006). Chondrocyte Intracellular Calcium, Cytoskeletal Organization and Gene Expression Responses to Dynamic Osmotic Loading, American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 291:C718-725.

• Chao PG, Tang Z, Angelini E, West AC, Costa KD, Hung CT (2005). Dynamic Osmotic Loading of Cells Using a Novel Microfluidic Device. Journal of Biomechanics, 38, 1273-1281.

• Finkelstein E, Chang W, Chao PG, Gruber D, Minden A, Hung CT, and Bulinski JC (2004). Roles of Microtubules, Cell Polarity, and Adhesion in Electric Field-Mediated Motility of NIH 3T3 Fibroblasts. Journal of Cell Science, 117(8), 1533-45.

• Hung CT, Palmer GD, LeRoux MA, Chao PG, Lo S, and Valhmu WB (2003). Disparate Aggrecan Gene Expression in Chondrocytes Subjected to Hypotonic and Hypertonic Loading in 2D and 3D Cultures. Biorheology, 40(1-3), 61-72.

• Palmer GD, Chao PG, Raia F, Mauck RL, Valhmu WB, and Hung CT (2001). Time-dependent Aggrecan Gene Expression of Articular Chondrocytes in Response to Hyperosmotic Loading. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 9 (8): 761-770.

• Mauck RL, Soltz MA, Wang CCB, Wong DD, Chao PG, Valhmu WB, Hung CT, and Ateshian GA (2000). Functional Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage through Dynamic Loading of Chondrocyte-Seeded Agarose Gel. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 122, 252-260.

• Chao PG, Roy R, Mauck RL, Liu W, Valhmu WB, and Hung CT (2000). Chondrocyte Translocation Response to Direct Correct Electric Field. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 122, 261-267.

• Hung CT, Henshaw RD, Wang CC, Mauck RL, Chao PG, Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, and Valhmu WB (2000). Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Bovine Articular Chondrocytes in Response to Fluid Flow Does Not Require Calcium Mobilization. Journal of Biomechanics. 33(1): 73-80. 

Book Chapters

• Chao PG (2018). Crimped Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering In: Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering (Ed. Chawla K): Springer, NY, NY.

• Chahine NO, Chao PG (2011). Influence of Micro and Nanotechnologies on Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, in Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: A Review of the Past and Future Trends (Eds. Mauck RL and Burdick JA), Springer, NY, NY.

• Grayson W, Chao PG, Marolt D, Radisic M, Cannizzaro C, Figallo E and Vunjak-Novakovic G (2007) Bioreactors for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in Translational Approaches in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Eds. Mao et al), Artech House, Norwood, MA.

• Tang Z, Chao PG, Tucay A, Takai E, Djukic D, Lind ML, Hung CT, Guo EX, West AC, Osgood R, Yardley JT (2003). XYZ on a chip: Nanoscale fabrication, fluidics, and optics directed toward applications with biology and medicine. In Organic Nanophotonics (Eds. Charra F et al), Kluwer Academics, Netherlands, 127-138.

Recent Abstracts

• Huang SA and Chao PG (2025) Wavy Morphology Regulates YAP Signaling, in SB3C 2025, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico, USA.

• Ting S and Chao PG (2024) Interaction of Nano- and Micro-Scale Topographical Regulation of Osteogenesis, in WCB 2024, Daegu, Korea.

• Huang SA and Chao PG (2024) Wavy Morphology Regulates YAP Signaling, in WCB 2024, Daegu, Korea.

• Ting S, Hatamie S, and Chao PG (2024) Nanoparticle-coated Wavy Scaffolds Enhance Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis.in ORS, Long Beach, CA, USA.

• Hsueh YY and Chao PG (2023) Prolonged Subculture and Progerin-expression Sensitize VSMCs to Three Dimensional Fiber Structures, in SB3C, Vail, CO, USA.

• Lin ZH and Chao PG (2023) Wavy Microchannels Suppress Persistent Cell Migration, in SB3C, Vail, CO, USA.

• Lin ZH, Chao PG (2022) Effects of 3D Wavy Structure on Nuclear Morphology and Cell Migration, in WCB, Taipei Taiwan.

• Huang BL, Lin CY, Chao PG (2022) Wavy morphology regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, in IUPESM 2022, Singapore.

• Chao PG (2021) Zyxin and Actin Structure Confer Anisotropic Mechanotranduction, in MBI3M2021, virtual conference.

• Lin CY, Chao PG (2021) Wavy Fiber Structure Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype, in MBI3M2021, virtual conference.

• Lin CY, Chao PG (2021) Wavy Fiber Structure Improves Contractile Phenotype of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, in SB3C2021, virtual conference.

• Huang BL, Chao PG (2020). Wavy Morphology Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype through Myosin, in Cell Bio Virtual 2020.

• Huang BL, Chao PG (2020). Wavy Morphology Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype, in SB3C2020, virtual conference.

• Chao PG, Huang BL, Wu ON (2019). Myosin-independent Regulation of Wavy Cell Structure and Nuclear Strain Transfer, ICBME, Singapore.

• Huang BL, Huang CH, Assoian RK, Chao PG (2019). Myosin-independent Regulation of Cell and Nuclear Structures in Wavy Patterns, SB3C, Seven Springs, PA.

• Liao WL, Chao PG (2019). Functional Ligament Tissue Engineering with Crimp Fibrous Scaffolds, Trans ORS, Austin, TX.

• Wu O, Chao PG (2018). Nuclear Strain Attenuation in Wavy Cells. World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.

• Chang CW, Chao PG (2018). Collagen Enhances Cell Infiltration in Dense Fibrous Scaffold. Trans ORS, New Orleans, LA.

• Lin BJ, Tsao SH, Chao PG (2018). Lipid Rafts Sense and Direct Electric Field-induced Migration. BMES-CMBE, Key Largo, FL.

• Lin BJ, Tsao SH, Chen A, Hu SK, Chao L, Chao PG (2017). Electric Fields Coalesce Lipid Raft and Caveolin to Direct Cell Migration. ASCB, Philadelphia, PA.

• Wen WC, Chao PG (2017). Anisotropic YAP mechanotransduction. SB3C, Tucson, AZ.

• Wen SM, Chao PG (2017). Myosin mediates anisotropic mechanosensing. SB3C, Tucson, AZ.

• Lee JH, Chao PG (2017). Electrospinning with Porogen in Tissue Engineered Constructs. Trans ORS 42; San Diego, CA.

• Fu KJ, Chao PG (2017). Wavy Structures Change Nuclear Shape and Mechanotransduction. BMES-CMBE, Big Island, HI.