Publication List

  Chao, A.(1981). Approximate mean squared errors of estimators reliability for k-out-of-m systems in the independent exponential case. Journal of American Statistical Association, 76, 720-724. (pdf)

  Chao, A.(1981). On estimating the probability of discovering a new species. Annals of Statistics, 9, 1339-1342. (pdf)

  Chao, A.(1982). On comparing estimators of P{Y.LT.X} in the exponential case. IEEE Transacations on Reliability, R-31, 389-392. (pdf)

  Chao, A.(1982). Another approach to incomplete integrals. The American Statistician, 36, p.48.

  Chao, A.(1983). Approximate mean squared errors of estimators of reliability in the two-parameter exponential case. Communications n Statistics, A12, 633-644.

  Chao, A. and Hwang, W. D.(1983). Bayes estimation of reliability for special k-out-of-m:G systems. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, R-33, 246-249. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1984). Nonparametric estimation of the number of classes in a population. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 11, 265-270. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Lin, S. and Lin, J. J. (1984). Jackknife estimator of an exponential parameter under type I censoring. Proceedings of National Science Council, 8, 191-194.

  Cheng, K. F. and Chao, A. (1984). Confidence intervals for reliability from stress-strength relationships. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, R-33, 246-249. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1985). Asymptotic moments and normality of an estimator arising in life testing. Statistical Theory and Data Analysis (Matusita Ed.), North Holland, 153-158.

  Chao, A. and Cheng, K. F. (1985). Interval estimation of reliability for highly reliable stress-strength models (In memory of Professor Cheng-Tan Hsiao). Chinese Journal of Mathematics, 13, 131-136.

  Chao, A. and Hwang, S-J. (1986). Comparison of confidence intervals for the parameters of the Weibull and extreme value distribution. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, R-35, 111-113. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Hwang, L-C. (1987). A modified Monte Carlo technique for confidence limits on system reliability using pass-fail data. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, R-36, 109-112. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1987). Estimating the population size for capture-recapture data with unequal catchability. Biometrics, 43, 783-791. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1988). Estimating animal abundance with capture frequency data. Journal of Wildlife Management 52(2), 295-300. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1988). Estimating population size in a generalized capture-recapture model with applications epidemiological data. Statistical Theory and Data Analysis II (Matusita Ed.) North Holland, 29-36.

  Chao, A., Lee, S-M and Chen, T-C. (1988). A generalized Good’s nonparametric coverage estimator. Chinese Journal of Mathematics, 16, 189-199. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1989). Estimating population size for sparse data in capture-recapture experiments. Biometrics, 45, 427-438. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Wang, N.S.(1990). Logistic regression analysis for hospital data. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association, 28, 92-103. (in Chinese) (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Lee, S-M.(1990). Estimating the number of unseen species with frequency counts. Chinese Journal of Mathematics, 18, 335-351.

  Chao, A., Chang, S-H. and Tsung, Y.H. (1991). Sexing Dunlins of Kung-Du area by a statistical method. Journal of Chinese Association, 29, 131-143. (in Chinese)

  Chao, A., Lee, S-M and Jeng, C-L. (1992). Estimating population size for capture-recapture data when capture probabilities vary by time and individual animal. Biometrics, 48, 201-216. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A. and Lee, S-M. (1992). Estimating the number of classes via sample coverage. Journal of American Statistical Association, 87, 210-217. (pdf)

  Yang, M.C.K. and Chao, A. (1992). On optimal stopping rules in software reliability. Computing Science and Statistics, Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on the Interface, E.M.Karamidas and S.M. Kaufman (Editors), 102-105.

  Chao, A.and Lee, S-M. (1993). Estimating population size for continuous-time capture-recapture models via sample coverage. Biometrical Journal, 35, 29-45. (pdf)

  Ma,M-C. and Chao,A.(1993). Generalized sample coverage with an application to Chinese poem. Statistica Sinica, 3, 19-34. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Ma, M-C. and Yang, M. C. K.(1993), Stopping rule and estimation for recapture debugging with unequal detection rates. Biometrika, 80, 193-201. (pdf)

  Lin, H-S., Chao, A. and Lee, S-M. (1993). Consistency of an estimator of the number of species–in memory of Professor Wen-Chen Chen. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association, 31, 253-270. (in Chinese) (pdf)

  Lee, S-M. and Chao, A.(1994). Estimating population size for closed capture-recapture models via sample coverage. Biometrics, 50, 88-97. (pdf)

  Hsieh, T-T, Chang, T-C, Chiu, T-H, Hsu, J-J, and Chao, A.(1994), Growth discordancy, birth weight and neonatal adverse events in third trimester twin gestations. Gynecologic and Obstetric Observation, 38, 36-40.

  Chao, A. (1994) Reply to population size estimation for sparse data. Biometrics, 50,303-305.

  Hwang, W-D. and Chao, A.(1995). Quantifying the effects of unequal catchabilities on Jolly-Seber estimators via sample coverage. Biometrics 51, 128-141. (pdf)

  Yang, M. C. K. and Chao, A. (1995). Reliability estimation and stopping rules for software testing based on repeated appearances. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 44, 315-321. (pdf)

  Chen, Y-C, Hwang, W-H, Chao, A. and Kuo, C-Y (1995). Estimating the number of common species: Analysis of the number of common bird species in two river estuaries. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association, 33, 373-393. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Yip, P. and Lin, H-S. (1996). Estimating the number of species via martingale estimating function. Statistica Sinica, 403-418. (pdf)

  Yip, P. and Chao, A. (1996). Estimating population size from capture-recapture via sample coverage and estimating function in continuous time. Stochastic Models 12,17-35.

  Ho, T-P, Chao, A. and Yip, P (1997). Seasonal variation in suicides re-examined: no sex difference in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 95, 26-31. (pdf)

  Yip, P., Chao, A. and Ho, T-P (1998). A re-examination of seasonal variation in suicides in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Affective Disorders 47, 141-150. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Tsay, P. K. (1998). A sample coverage approach to multiple-system estimation with application to census undercount. Journal of American Statistical Association 93, 283-293. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (1998). Capture-recapture models. p. 482-486 in Encyclopedia of Biostatistics (P. Armitage and T. Colton, Editors), Wiley. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Chang, S-H. (1999). An estimating function approach to inference of catch-effort models. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 6, 313-334. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chu, Wenten and Hsu, C-H. (2000). Capture-recapture when time and behavioral response affect capture probabilities. Biometrics, 56, 427-433. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Hwang, W-H, Chen, Y-C., and Kuo C-Y. (2000). Estimating the number of shared species in two communities. Statistica Sinica 10, 227-246. (pdf)

  Yip, P. S. F., Xi, L., Chao, A. and Hwang, W-H (2000). Estimating the population size with a behavioral response in capture-recapture experiment. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 7, 405-414. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Lin, S.-P., Yang, H.-C. and Yip, P. S. F. (2000).The analysis of Hong Kong Big Bird Race data for the year of 2000. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association, 38, 231-241. (In Chinese with English abstract) (pdf)

  Yip, P. S. F., Chao, A. and Chiu, C. (2000). Seasonal variation in suicides: diminished or vanished? British Journal of Psychiatry 177, 366-369. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Yip, P., Lee, S-M. and Chu, W-T. (2001). Population size estimation based on estimating functions for closed capture-recapture models. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 92, 213-232. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (2001). An overview of closed capture-recapture models. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 6, 158-175. (pdf)

  Tsay, P. K. and Chao, A. (2001). Population size estimation for capture-recapture models with applications to epidemiological data. Journal of Applied Statistics 28, 25-36. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Tsay, P. K., Lin, S.-H., Shau, W.- Y. and Chao, D.- Y. (2001). Tutorial in biostatistics: the applications of capture-recapture models to epidemiological data. Statistics in Medicine, 20, 3123-3157. This paper is also selected in Tutorials in Biostatistics: Volume 1, R. B. D’Agostino (Ed), Wiley, Chichester, 2004. (pdf)

  Hwang, W-H, Chao, A. and Yip, P. S. F. (2002). Continuous-time capture-recapture models with time variation and behavioral response. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 44, 41-54. (pdf)

  Huggins, R. and Chao, A.(2002). Asymptotic properties of an optimal estimating function approach to the analysis of mark recapture data. Communications in Statistics – Theory & Methods 31, 575-595. (pdf)

  Hwang, W. H. and Chao, A.(2002). Continuous-time capture-recapture models with covariates. Statistica Sinica 12, 1115-1131. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Bunge, J. (2002). Estimating the number of species in a stochastic abundance model. Biometrics 58, 531-539. (pdf)

  Huggins, R., Yang, H.-C., Chao, A. and Yip, P. S. F. (2003). Population size estimation using local sample coverage for open populations. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 69, 113, 699-714. (pdf)

  Shen, T, -J., Chao, A and Lin, J.-F. (2003). Predicting the number of new species in a further taxonomic sampling. Ecology 84, 798-804. (pdf)

  Yip, P. S. F., Wang, Y. and Chao, A.(2003). The application of capture-recapture methods in software reliability. H. Pham (Editor), Handbook of Reliability Engineering, Chapter 27, 493-510. Springer.

  Chao, A., Yang H.-C. and Yip, P. S. F. (2003). The use of capture-recapture methodology in epidemiological surveillance. Y. Lu and J.-Q. Fang (eds) Advanced Medical Statistics. Chapter 19, 711-739. International Science Press, Singapore.(pdf)

  Chao, A. and Shen, T.-J. (2003). Nonparametric Estimation of Shannon’s index of diversity when there are unseen species. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 10, 429-443. (pdf)

  Chao, A. Book review for Borchers, D. L., Buckland, S. T. and Zucchini, W. Estimating Animal Abundance: Closed Populations.Springer, London, 2002. Biometrics 59, 460-461.

  Ida, H., Boylan, S. A., Weigel, A. L., Smit-McBride Z., Chao, A., Gao, J. Buchoff, P., Wistow, G. and Hjelmeland, L. M. (2004) EST analysis of mouse retina and REP/choroid cDNA libraries. Molecular Vision 10, 439-444. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Shen, T.-J. (2004). Non-parametric prediction in species sampling. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics 9, 253-269. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (2005). Species estimation and applications. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, 2nd Edition, Vol. 12, 7907-7916, (N. Balakrishnan, C. B. Read and B. Vidakovic, eds) Wiley, New York. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Huggins, R. M. (2005). Classical closed population models. The Handbook of Capture-Recapture Methods Chapter 2, 22-35 (Manly, B., McDonald, T. and Amstrup, S., Editors), Princeton University Press.

  Chao, A. and Huggins, R. M. (2005). Modern closed population models. The Handbook of Capture-Recapture Methods Chapter 4, 58-87 (Manly, B., McDonald, T. and Amstrup, S., Editors), Princeton University Press.

  Yip, P. S. F., Lam, K. F., Lau, E., Chau, P. H., Tsang, K. W. and Chao, A. (2005). A comparison study of real time fatality rates: SARS in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Toronto and Beijing, China. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Ser. A. 168, 233-243. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K. and Shen, T.-J.(2005). A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data. Ecology Letters 8, 148-159.(pdf) (Derivation of Eqs(7)(8)) Spanish translation in pp. 85-96 of Halffter, G. Soberon, J., Koleff, P. and Melic, A. (eds) 2005 Sobre Diversidad Biologica: el Sognificado de las Diversidades Alfa, Beta y Gamma. m3m-Monografias 3ercer Milenio, vol. 4, SEA, CONABIO, Grupo DIVERSITAS & CONACYT, Zaragoza. IV +242 pp. 

  Yang H. C. and Chao, A. (2005). Modeling animals’ behavioral response by Markov chain models for capture-recapture experiments. Biometrics 61, 1010-1017. (pdf)

  Lin, S.-P. and Chao, A. (2005). Discrete-time vs. continuous-time capture-recapture models-In honor of Professor T. Y. Hwang’s retirement. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association 43, 199-215. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K. and Shen, T.-J.(2006). Abundance-based similarity indices and their estimation when there are unseen species in samples. Biometrics 62, 361-371. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Shen, T.-J. and Hwang, W.-H.(2006). Application of Laplace’s boundary-mode approximations to estimate species and shared species richness. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics 48, 117-128. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Li, P. C., Agatha, S. and Foissner W. (2006). A statistical approach to estimate soil ciliate diversity and distribution based on data from five continents. Oikos 114(3), 479-493. (pdf+appendix)

  Liu, K., Beautrais, A., Caine, E., Chan, C., Chao, A., Conwell, Y., Law, C., Lee, D., Li, P. C., and Yip P. (2007) Charcoal burning suicides in Hong Kong and urban Taiwan ¡V an illustration of the impact of a novel method of suicide on overall regional rate. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61, 248-253. (pdf)

  Lo, T. C. T., Jiang, Y-H, Chao, A. and Chang, C. A. (2007) Use of statistical methods to find the polysaccharide structural characteristics and the relationships between monosaccharide composition ratio and macrophage stimulatory activity of regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes. Analytica Chimica Acta 584, 50-56. (pdf)

  Yang, M. C. K., Chao, A. and Chen, Y. C. (2007). Assessing software reliability by unrevealed proportion estimation in stratified sampling. Journal of Chinese Statistical Association 45, 18-37. (pdf+appendix)

  Foissner, W., Chao, A. and Katz L. A. (2008) Diversity and geographic distribution of ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora). Biodiversity and Conservation 17, 345-363. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Jost, L., Chiang, S. C. Jiang Y.- H. and Chazdon, R. (2008). A Two-stage probabilistic approach to multiple-community similarity indices. Biometrics 64, 1178-1186. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Law, C. K., Li, P. C. and Yip, P. S. F. (2008). Suicides in Taiwan, Chapter 6, 61-79 in Suicide in Asia: Causes and Prevention (Yip, P. S. F., Editor) University of Hong Kong Press.

  Chao, A., Pan, H. Y. and Chiang, S. C. (2008). The Petersen-Lincoln estimator and its extension to estimate the size of a shared population. Biometrical Journal 50, 957-970. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Lin, C. W. and Gotelli, N. J. (2009). Sufficient sampling for asymptotic minimum species richness estimators. Ecology 90, 1125-1133. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Gossner, M., Chao, A., Bailey, R. and Prinzing, A. (2009). Native fauna on exotic trees: Phylogenetic conservatism and geographic contingency in two lineages of phytophages on two lineages of trees. The American Naturalist 173, 599-614. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Norden, N., Chazdon, R., Chao, A., Jiang, Y.-H. and Vilchez-Alvarado, B. (2009) Resilience of tropical rain forests: rapid tree community reassembly in secondary forests. Ecology Letters 12, 385-394. (pdf)

  Gotelli, N. J., Anderson , M. J., Arita, H. T., Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Connolly, S. R., Currie, D. J., Dunn, R. R., Graves, G. R., Green, J. L., Grytnes, J.-A., Jiang, Y.-H., Jetz , W., Lyons, S. K., McCain, C. M., Magurran, A. E., Rahbek, C., Rangel, T. F.L.V.B. , Soberon, J., Webb, C. O., Willig, M. R. (2009) Patterns and causes of species richness: a general simulation model for macroecology. Ecology Letters 12, 873-886. (pdf)

  Pan, H. Y., Chao, A. and Foissner, W. (2009). A non-parametric lower bound for the number of species shared by multiple communities. Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics. 14, 452-468. (pdf)

  Jost, L., DeVries, P., Walla, T., Greeney, H., Chao, A. and Ricotta, C. (2010) Partitioning diversity for conservation analyses. Diversity and Distribution 16, 65-76. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chiu C.-H. and Jost, L. (2010). Phylogenetic diversity measures based on Hill numbers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B., 365, 3599-3609. (pdf)

  Jost, L., Chao, A. and Chazdon, R. L. (2011). Compositional similarity and beta diversity. In Biological Diversity: Frontiers in Measurement and Assessment, pp. 66-84 (eds A. Magurran & B. McGill) Oxford: Oxford University Press. (pdf)

  Chazdon, R. L., Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Lin, S.-Y., Norden, N., Letcher, S. G., Clark, D. B., Finegan, B. and Arroyo J. P. (2011). A novel statistical method for classifying habitat generalists and specialists. Ecology, 92, 1332-1343. (pdf) (appendix)

  Gotelli, N., Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Hwang, W-H and Graves, G. R. (2012). Specimen-based modeling, stopping rules, and the extinction of the ivory-billed woodpecker. Conservation Biology 26, 47-56. (Cover Article)  (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (cover page)

  Colwell, R. K., Chao, A., Gotelli, N. J., Lin, S. Y., Mao, C. X., Chazdon, R. L.,and Longino, J. T. (2012). Models and estimators linking individual-based and sample-based rarefaction, extrapolation and comparison of assemblages. Journal of Plant Ecology 5, 3-21. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Jost, L. (2012). Diversity measures. In Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology (eds. A. Hastings and L. Gross), pp. 203-207, Berkeley: University of California Press. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Lin, C.-W. (2012). Nonparametric lower bound for species richness and shared species richness under sampling without replacement. Biometrics, 68, 912-921. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C. H. and Hsieh, T. C. (2012) Proposing a resolution to debates on diversity partitioning. Ecology, 93, 2037-2051. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Eren, M. I., Chao, A., Hwang, W.-H. and Colwell, R. K. (2012). Estimating the richness of a population when the maximum number of classes is fixed: a nonparametric solution to an archaeological problem. PLoS One 7(5): e34179. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A. and Jost. L. (2012) Coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation: standardizing samples by completeness rather than size. Ecology, 93, 2533-2547.(Cover Article) (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A. and Chiu, C. H. (2012) Estimation of species richness and shared species richness. In N. Balakrishnan (Ed). Methods and Applications of Statistics in the Atmospheric and Earth Sciences. p.76-111, Wiley, New York. (pdf)

  Gotelli, N. J., and Chao, A. (2013). Measuring and estimating species richness, species diversity, and biotic similarity from sampling data. In Levin, S. A. (Ed). Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2nd Edition, Vol. 5, pp. 195-211, Waltham, MA: Academic Press. (pdf)

  Dornelas M., Magurran, A. E., Buckland, S. T., Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., Curtis, T., Gaston, K. J., Gotelli, N. J., Kosnik, M. A., McGill, B., McCune, J. L., Morlon, H., Mumby, P. J., Øvreås, L., Studeny, A., and Vellend, M. (2013). Quantifying temporal change in biodiversity: challenges and opportunities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 280, 20121931. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Wang, Y. T., and Jost, L. (2013). Entropy and the species accumulation curve: a novel estimator of entropy via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4, 1091-1110. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (Rcode)

  Müller, J., Bae, S., Röder, J., Chao, A. and Didham, R. K. (2014) Airborne LiDAR reveals context dependence in the effects of canopy architecture on arthropod diversity. Forest Ecology and Management, 312, 129-137. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chiu, C.-H., Jost, L. and Chao*, A. (2014). Phylogenetic beta diversity, similarity, and differentiation measures based on Hill numbers. Ecological Monographs 84, 21-44. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (correction)

  Chao, A., Gotelli, N. G., Hsieh, T. C., Sander, E. L., Ma, K. H., Colwell, R. K. and Ellison, A. M. (2014). Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species biodiversity studies. Ecological Monographs 84, 45-67. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (Main for iNEXT.r) (Subroutine for iNEXT.r)

  Chiu, C.-H. and Chao, A. (2014). Distance-based functional diversity measures and their decomposition: a framework based on Hill numbers. PLoS ONE 9(7):e100014. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (comment1) (comment2) (Rcode)

  Chiu, C.-H., Wang Y. T., Walther B. A. and Chao, A. (2014). An improved non-parametric lower bound of species richness via a modified Good-Turing frequency formula. Biometrics, 70, 671-682. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., and Jost, L. (2014). Unifying species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity, and related similarity/differentiation measures through Hill numbers. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 45, 297-324. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Hsieh, T. C., Davis, T., Nipperess, D., and Faith, D. (2015) Rarefaction and extrapolation of phylogenetic diversity. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 380-388. (Cover Article)  (pdf) (pdf+appendix)(cover page)

  Chao, A., Hsieh, T. C., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., and Gotelli, N. J. (2015). Unveiling the species-rank abundance distribution by generalizing the Good-Turing sample coverage theory. Ecology 96, 1189-1201. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (R_code)

  Chao, A., Jost, L., Hsieh, T.C., Ma, K. H., Sherwin, W. B. and Rollins, L. A. (2015). Expected Shannon entropy and Shannon differentiation between subpopulations for neutral genes under finite island model. PloS One 10(6):e0125471. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (R_code)(Corrections)

  Chao, A. and Jost, L. (2015). Estimating diversity and entropy profiles via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 873-882. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (R_code)

  Chao, A. (2015). Capture-recapture for human populations. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. 1–16.DOI:10.1002/9781118445112.stat04855.pub2. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Hsieh T. C. and Yang H. C. (2015). The use of capture-recapture methodology in epidemiological surveillance and ecological surveys. pp. 425-467 in Y. Lu and J.-Q. Fang, L. Tian and H. Jin (eds) Advanced Medical Statistics. 2nd Edition. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore. (pdf)

  Eren, M. I., Chao, A., Chiu, C-H., Colwell, R. K., Buchanan, B., Boulanger, M. T., Darwent, J., and O’Brien, M. J. (2016) Statistical analysis of paradigmatic class richness supports greater paleoindian projectile-point diversity in the Southeast. American Antiquity, 81, 174-192. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chiu, C-H. and Chao, A. (2016). Estimating and comparing microbial diversity in the presence of sequencing errors. PeerJ 4:e1634. (pdf) (pdf+appendix) (R_code)

  Chao, A. and Chiu, C. H. (2016). Nonparametric estimation and comparison of species richness. Wiley Online Reference in the Life Sciences. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0026329. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chiu C.-H. and Jost L. (2016). Phylogenetic diversity measures and their decomposition: a framework based on Hill numbers. pp. 141-172 in Pellens R. and Grandcolas P. (eds) Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics: Preserving our Evolutionary Heritage in an Extinction Crisis, Springer. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Chiu C.-H. and Jost L. (2016). Commentary: Statistical challenges of evaluating diversity patterns across environmental gradients in mega-diverse communities. Journal of Vegetation Science 27, 437-438. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chang, Y. H., Kuan, H. C., Hsieh, T. C., Ma, K. H., Yang, C. H., Hsu, W. B., Tsai, S. F., Chao, A. and Liu, H. H. (2016). Network signatures of IgG immune repertoires in hepatitis B associated chronic infection and vaccination responses. Scientific Reports, 6:26556. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., and Chiu, C.-H. (2016). Bridging the variance and diversity decomposition approaches to beta diversity via similarity and differentiation measures. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 919-928. (Cover Article for Biogeography Virtual Issue)  (pdf) (pdf+appendix)(Shiny App)(cover page)

  Chao, A. and Chiu, C. H. (2016). Species richness: estimation and comparison. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. 1-26. (pdf)

  T.C. Hsieh, K. H. Ma, and Chao, A. (2016). iNEXT: An R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers). Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 1451-1456. (Cover Article)  (pdf) (pdf+appendix)(cover page)

  Hsieh, T.C. and Chao, A. (2017). Rarefaction and extrapolation: making fair comparison of abundance-sensitive phylogenetic diversity among multiple assemblages. Systematic Biology 66, 100-111. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Chiu, C.-H. and Townsend, D. (2017). Seen once or more than once: Using Good-Turing theory to estimate species richness using only unique observations and a species list. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. (Cover Article for Statistical Ecology Virtual Issue)  (pdf) (pdf+appendix)(cover page)

  Buchana, B., Chao, A., Chiu C, H., Colwell, R. K., O’Brien M. J., Werner, A. and Eren, M. I. (2017). Environment-induced changes in selective constraints on social learning during the peopling of the Americas. Scientific Reports, 7:44431. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Colwell, R.K. (2017). Thirty years of progeny from Chao’s inequality: estimating and comparing richness with incidence data and incomplete sampling (invited article). Statistics and Operation Research Transactions, 41, 3-54. (pdf)

  Norden, N., Boukili, B., Chao, A., Ma, K. H., Letcher, S. G., and Chazdon, R. L. (2017). Opposing mechanisms affect taxonomic convergence between tree assemblages during tropical forest succession. Ecology Letters, 20, 1448-1458.(pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Colwell, R. K., Magnago, L. F. S., Chazdon, R. L. , and Gotelli, N. J. (2017). Deciphering the enigma of undetected species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity based on Good-Turing theory. Ecology, 98, 2914-2929. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Sherwin, W. B., Chao, A., Jost, L. and Smouse, P. E. (2017) Information theory broadens the spectrum of molecular ecology and evolution. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 32, 948-963.(pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Gaggiotti, O. E., Chao, A., Peres-Neto, P., Chiu, C.-H., Edwards, C., Fortin, M.-J., Jost, L., Richards, C. M., and Selkoe, K. A. (2018). Diversity from genes to ecosystems: a unifying framework to study variation across biological metrics and scales. Evolutionary Applications, 11, 1176-1193. (pdf) (pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Villéger, S., Sun, I.-F., Thorn, S., Lin, Y.-C., Chiang, J. M. and Sherwin, W. B. (2019). An attribute-diversity approach to functional diversity, functional beta diversity, and related (dis)similarity measures. Ecological Monographs, 89, e01343. 10.1002/ecm.1343. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Wu, S.-H., Huang, C. L. and Lin, Y.-C. (2019). Comparing two classes of species alpha diversities and their corresponding beta and (dis)similarity measures, with an application to the assessment of a reintroduction program of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus). Methods in Ecology and Evolution,10, 1286-1297. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Huber, B. and Chao, A. (2019) Inferring global species richness from mega-transect data and undetected species estimates. Contributions to Zoology, 88, 42-53. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Colwell, R. K., Gotelli, N. J. and Thorn, S. (2019) Proportional mixture of two rarefaction/extrapolation curves to forecast biodiversity changes under landscape transformation. Ecology Letters 22, 1913-1922.  (pdf) (pdf+appendix)(cover page)

  Chao, A. and Ricotta, C. (2019). Quantifying evenness and linking it to diversity, beta diversity, and similarity. Ecology, 100(12), e02852. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Rother, D. C., Liboni, A. P., Magnago, L. F. S., Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L. and Rodrigues, R. R. (2019). Ecological restoration increases conservation of taxonomic and functional beta diversity of woody plants in a tropical fragmented landscape. Forest Ecology and Management, 451, 117538. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chao, A., Y. Kubota, D. Zelený, C.-H. Chiu, C.-F. Li, B. Kusumoto, M. Yasuhara, S. Thorn, C.-L. Wei, M. J. Costello, and R. K. Colwell (2020). Quantifying sample completeness and comparing diversities among assemblages. Ecological Research, 35, 292-314. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Thorn, S., Chao, A., Bernhardt-Römermann, M., Chen, Y-H, Georgiev, K. B., Heibl, C., Müller, J., Schäfer, H. and Bässler, C. (2020). Rare species, functional groups, and evolutionary lineages drive successional trajectories in disturbed forests. Ecology, 101, e02949. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Georgiev, K. B., Chao, A., Castro, J., Chen, Y-H, Choi, C-Y., Fontaine, J. B., Hutto, R. L., Lee, E-J., Müller, J., Rost, J., Żmihorski, M. and Thorn, S. (2020) Salvage logging changes the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional successional trajectories of forest bird communities. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57, 1103-1112. [Link]

  Kusumoto, B., Costello, M. J., Kubota, Y., Shiono, T., Wei, C.-L., Yasuhara, M and Chao, A. (2020) Global distribution of coral diversity: biodiversity knowledge gradients related to spatial resolution. Ecological Research, 35, 315-326. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Müller, J., Ulyshen, M., Seibold, S. Cadotte, M., Chao, A., Bässler, C., Vogel, S., Stengel, E., Hagge, J., Weiß, I., Baldrian, P., Tláskal, V., and Thorn, S. (2020) Primary determinants of communities in deadwood vary among taxa but are regionally consistent. Oikos, 129, 1579-1588. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Thorn, S., Chao, A., Georgiev, K. B., Müller, J., Bässler, C., …, Leverkus, A. B. (2020) Estimating retention benchmarks for salvage logging to protect biodiversity. Nature Communications. (pdf)

  Chao, A., Henderson, P. A., Chiu, C.-H., Moyes, F., Hu, K.-H., Dornelas, M. and Magurran, A. E. (2021). Measuring temporal change in alpha diversity: a framework integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity and the iNEXT.3D standardization. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 12, 1926-1940. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Hong, Y., Yasuhara, M., Iwatani, H., Chao, A., Harnik, P. G., and Wei, C.-L. (2021). Ecosystem turnover in an urbanized subtropical seascape driven by climate and pollution. Anthropocene 36, 100304. [Link]

  Chao, A. and Levina, L. (2021). Remembering Chen Wen-chen. Significance 38, 38. (pdf)

  Chao, A. (2021). Chen Wen-chen’s academic contributions. Significance 38, 39. (pdf)

  Chao, A. and Colwell, R. K. (2022) Biodiversity: concepts, dimensions, and measures. pp 25-46 in “The Ecological and Societal Consequences of Biodiversity Loss” (coordinated by Loreau, M., Hector, A., and Isbell, F.) John Wiley, New York.

  Colwell, R. K. and Chao, A. (2022) Measuring and comparing class diversity in archaeological assemblages: A brief guide to the history and state-of-the-art in diversity statistics. pp. 263-294 in “Defining and Measuring Diversity in Archaeology: Another Step Toward an Evolutionary Synthesis of Culture” (Eren, M. I., and B. Buchanan, editors). Berghahn, New York.

  Bebber, M. R. and Chao, A. (2022) The diversity of North America’s “Old Copper” projectile points. pp. 43-63 in “Defining and Measuring Diversity in Archaeology: Another Step Toward an Evolutionary Synthesis of Culture” (Eren, M. I., and B. Buchanan, editors). Berghahn, New York.

  Hong, Y., Yasuhara, M., Iwatani, H., Harnik, P. G., Chao, A., Cybulski, J. D., Liu, Y., Ruan, Y., Li, X., and Wei, C.-L. (2022). Benthic ostracod diversity and biogeography in an urbanized seascape. Marine Micropaleontology. 174, 102067. [Link]

  Kestemont, M., F. Karsdorp, E. de Bruijn, M. Driscoll, K. A. Kapitan, P. Ó Macháin, D. Sawyer, R. Sleiderink, and A. Chao (2022) Forgotten books: The application of unseen species models to the survival of culture. Science 375, 765-769. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Viljur, M-L, Abella, S. R., Adámek M., Alencar, J. B. R., Barber, N. A., Beudert, B., Burkle, L. A., Cagnolo,L., Campos, B. R., Chao, A., …, Thorn, S. (2022). The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis. Biological Reviews, 97, 1930-1947. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Kass, J. M., Guénard, B., Dudley, K. L., Jenkins, C. N., Azuma1, F., Fisher, B. L., Parr, C. L., Gibb, H., Longino, J. T., Ward, P. S., Chao, A., …., Economo, E. P. (2022). The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity. Science Advances, 8, eabp9908. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Chazdon, R. L., Norden, N., Colwell, R. K., and Chao, A. (2022). Monitoring recovery of tree diversity during tropical forest restoration: lessons from long-term trajectories of natural regeneration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 378: 20210069. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Maberly, S. C., Chao, A. and Finlay, B. J. (2022) Seasonal patterns of phytoplankton taxon richness in lakes: effects of temperature, turnover and abundance. Protist, 173, 125925. (pdf)(pdf+appendix)

  Müller, J., Mitesser, O., Cadotte, M. W., van der Plas, F., Mori, A., Ammer, C., Chao, A., SchererLorenzen, M., Baldrian, P., Bässler, C., Biedermann, P., Cesarz, S., Claßen, A., Delory, B. M., Feldhaar, H., Fichtner, A., Hothorn, T., Kuenzer, C., Peters, M. K. … Eisenhauer, N. (2023). Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches—A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales. Global Change Biology, 29(6), 1437-1450. (pdf)

  Yasuhara, M., Huang, H.-H. M., Reuter, M., Tian, S. Y., Cybulski, J. D., O’dea, A., Mamo, B. L., …, Chao, A., …,Hong, Y. Y. (2023). Hotspots of Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 60, 243-300.(pdf)

  Mamo, B. L., Cybulski, J. D., Hong, Y., Harnik, P. G., Chao, A., Tsujimoto, A., Wei, C.-L., Baker, D. M. and Yasuhara, M. (2023) Modern biogeography of benthic foraminifera in an urbanized tropical marine ecosystem. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 529(1), SP529-2022-175. [Link]

  Chiu, C-H., Chao, A., Vogel, S., Kriegel, P. and Thorn, S. (2023). Quantifying and estimating ecological network diversity based on incomplete sampling data. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 378: 20220183. (Link)(pdf)(appendix)

  Chao, A., Thorn, S., Chiu, C.-H., Moyes, F., Hu, K.-H., Chazdon, R. L., Wu, J., Magnago, L. F. S., Dornelas, M., Zelený, D., Colwell, R. K., and Magurran, A. E. (2023). Rarefaction and extrapolation with beta diversity under a framework of Hill numbers: the iNEXT.beta3D standardization. Ecological Monographs e1588. (Link)(pdf)(appendix)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Hu, K.-H., and Zelený, D. (2023). Revisiting Alwyn H. Gentry’s forest transect data: a statistical sampling-model-based approach. Japanese Journal of Statistics and Data Science, 6, 861-884. (Link)(pdf)(appendix)

  Kusumoto, B., Chao, A., Eiserhardt, W. L., Svenning, J-C., Shiono, K., and Kubota, Y. (2023) Occurrence-based diversity estimation reveals macroecological and conservation knowledge gaps for global woody plants. Science Advances 9 (40), eadh9719. (Link)(pdf)(appendix)

  Gotelli, N. J., Chao, A., and Colwell, R. K. (2024). Measuring and estimating species richness, taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and related biotic (dis)similarity indices from sampling data. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 3rd edition, 5, 314-339. Oxford: Elsevier. (Link)(pdf)

  Chao, A., Chiu, C.-H., Hu, K.-H., van der Plas, F., Cadotte, M. W., Mitesser, O. Mori, A. S., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Eisenhauer, N., Bässler, C., Delory, B. M., Feldhaar, H., Fichtner, A., Hothorn, T., Peters, M. K., Pierick, K., von Oheimb, G., and Müller, J. (2024) Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma-multifunctionality into alpha and beta components. Ecology Letters. 27, e14336. (pdf)(appendix)