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Pugh/Philips Article

Ways to make lessons more interesting for students

Scaffold Appreciation

A general teaching strategy that uses previous student experiences as a basis for the content subject.

Proximal Development Zones
- The place between too easy and to hard for students
- The place that lessons should be so that students can learn the best
Mediation
- The process of the teacher supporting the student to gain interest
- There are three types that Brophy explains:
  - Modeling
    - This involves the teacher showing their thought process of appreciating the subject
    - This mediation technique helps the students understand why they should appreciate the subject
  - Coaching
    - This involves giving the students hints as to lead them to the answer
    - It also requires feedback following the responses from the studetns that:
      - communicate information
      - convey enthusiasm
  - Scaffolding
    - This is about teachers making their lessons gradually more reliant on the student figuring information out
      - Rather than teachers giving the students the information, the students use their knowledge and skills to figure the answers out

The four-phase model is sequential and distinct
There are three ways to distinguish interest from other motivational patterns:
- affective/cognitive components
- biological roots
- interaction between person and content
support and opportunities to pursue interest-related questions are necessary for each phase of interest
some central issues regarding interest theory research are the different approaches, interpretations of findings, and the measurement of interest

Individual factors that influence interest:

Belongingness, Cultural Value, Identification, Social Support, Emotions, Competence, Utility (Goal Relevance), Background knowledge.

Situational factors that Influence interest:

Hands-On, Discrepancy, Novelty, Food, Social Interaction, Modeling, Games and Puzzles, Content, Biophilia, Fantasy, Humor, Narrative