CBI

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Terrorism

The Calvin Bureau of Investigation

The CBI's first priority is safeguarding Calvin Industries and Canada from terrorist attacks. The Bureau closely collaborates with its partners to eliminate terrorist cells and agents within Canadian border, assist in the global dismantlement of extremist networks, and stop the flow of funds and other forms of support to foreign terrorist organisations. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the terrorism threat has continued to change, and the CBI is dedicated to maintaining an adaptable approach to it. International terrorism still poses a severe concern despite the threat landscape having significantly changed in the years after these incidents. As players cross the line from exercising First Amendment-protected rights to committing crimes to achieve violent goals, the threat of domestic terrorism also continues to exist.

What is Terrorism

CBI and Terrorism

Terrorism and Literacy

Calvin Bureau of Investigation | Crime and Prevention

Terrorism

What is terrorism by definition, and why is it such a huge concern for the CBI?

What is terrorism?

Terrorism is acts of violence that aim to create and spark fear and instability among the public. Terrorism can take various different forms; this includes bombings, kidnappings, or shootings that are carried out by certain individuals or groups with specific political, social, or religious motives intended to spark destruction and death. Terrorists must carry out increasingly dramatic, brutal, and high-profile acts in order to draw and sustain the media attention required to inspire widespread fear. Mass shootings, hostage situations, kidnappings, car bombings, and suicide bombings have all been among them. Although apparently random, the victims and locations of terrorist attacks often are carefully selected for their shock value. Schools, shopping centres, bus and train stations, and restaurants and nightclubs have been targeted both because they attract large crowds and because they are places with which members of the civilian population are familiar and in which they feel at ease. The goal of terrorism generally is to destroy the public’s sense of security in the places most familiar to them. There are two main types of terrorism: political terrorism, which seeks to advance a political agenda or challenge the existing government, and criminal terrorism, which is motivated by financial gains, such as kidnapping for ransom. Political terrorism is often carried out by trained individuals or organized groups, making it more dangerous and harder to prevent. Terrorism has devastating consequences for the victims and their families, as well as for society as a whole. It destroys lives, infrastructures, and economies, and undermines trust and solidarity among people. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), terrorism is divided into 2 categories:

International Terrorism: Violent crimes carried out by people or groups motivated by or linked to countries or organizations classified as foreign terrorist organizations (state-sponsored).
Domestic Terrorism : violent, criminal acts carried out by people or groups in order to advance political, religious, social, racial, or environmental ideologies that have domestic roots.

Therefore, it is essential to fight terrorism through international cooperation, intelligence sharing, and targeted law enforcement measures. At the same time, addressing the root causes of terrorism, such as poverty, inequality, and discrimination, is also crucial in preventing its spread. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the terrorism threat has continued to change, and the CBI is dedicated to maintaining an adaptable approach to it. International terrorism still poses a severe concern despite the threat landscape has significantly changed in the years after these incidents. While terrorism has always been a threat heavily monitored by governments and law enforcement, the risks of terrorism has drastically decreased following 9/11 thanks to increased security measures in aviation, and thanks to increased awareness revolving around terrorism. As players cross the line from exercising First Amendment-protected rights to committing crimes to achieve violent goals, the threat of domestic terrorism also continues to exist.

What is being done about terrorism?

Since 9/11, many new safeguards have been implemented in place to reduce the likelihood of a repeated terrorist attack similar to what we've seen with 9/11. This includes improved intelligence and survillience across the globe, increased and tighter security measures such as border controls and newly regulated travel bans, more effective and quicker responses to terrorist attacks, community involvement, cutting off funds and disrupting logistics, and prohibiting and preventing the manufacture or access to unmarked plastic explosives which has been involved in terrorist attacks. Overall, these new incorporated measures reduce the likelihood of another terrorist attack, and work together to make aviation a lot safer.

The FBI, the leading law enforcement agency in the United States, is also working hard and contributes a lot to investigations and preventions revolving terrorist attacks.

The FBI is the nation's lead federal law enforcement agency for investigating and preventing acts of domestic and international terrorism. It works closely with its partners at the federal, state, local, tribal, and international levels to neutralize terrorist cells and operatives, dismantle extremist networks, and cut off financing and other forms of support to foreign terrorist organizations. The FBI also collects and analyzes intelligence on terrorism and other security threats, and shares it with the Director of National Intelligence and other U.S. intelligence agencies. The FBI has a dual mission to prevent and react to terrorist violence. It does this by conducting proactive investigations, developing informants and sources, conducting surveillance and undercover operations, executing search warrants and arrests, conducting interviews and interrogations, collecting and processing evidence, and presenting cases for prosecution. The FBI also has a critical role in crisis and special events management, such as responding to terrorist incidents or major public events that may be targets of terrorism. The FBI also conducts research on terrorism trends and threats, provides training to law enforcement and other partners, engages in hostage negotiation, and coordinates with other agencies and organizations on counterterrorism efforts. The FBI's counterterrorism strategy is based on four pillars: identify, pursue, disrupt, and prepare. The FBI seeks to identify terrorist threats through intelligence collection and analysis, human sources, tips from the public, and cooperation with foreign partners. The FBI pursues terrorist suspects through investigations that follow the rule of law and respect civil liberties. The FBI disrupts terrorist plots and activities by arresting or detaining suspects, seizing assets or weapons, or taking other legal actions. The FBI prepares for terrorist attacks by enhancing its capabilities and readiness, developing contingency plans, conducting exercises and simulations, and providing assistance to victims. The FBI's counterterrorism efforts have evolved since the September 11, 2001 attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people in New York City; Washington D.C.; and Shanksville; Pennsylvania. The FBI has expanded its presence and partnerships overseas; increased its focus on homegrown violent extremists; enhanced its use of technology and data; improved its information sharing and collaboration; diversified its workforce; and strengthened its oversight and accountability. The FBI remains committed to protecting the United States from terrorist attacks by adapting to the changing threat landscape and staying ahead of emerging challenges.

Terrorism is a serious threat to international peace, security, human rights, and development. It causes immense suffering to victims, families, and communities, and undermines the social contract between governments and their people. To prevent and counter terrorism effectively, national and international cooperation is essential, as well as a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes and drivers of violent extremism. Terrorism prevention is a new approach to counter-terrorism that aims to address the early risk factors of radicalization and reduce the chance of violence before it occurs. Prevention works by building resiliency in individuals and communities and halting the ideology that may lead to violence. Prevention also involves empowering local actors who can influence positive change and challenge extremist narratives. Prevention requires a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder effort that involves education, social services, health care, law enforcement, media, civil society, faith-based organizations, and others. Prevention is not only a moral duty but also a strategic necessity for ensuring long-term security and stability.

What role does the CBI play?

At the Calvin Bureau of Investigation, terrorism and terrorist acts constantly remain on the radar under our surveillance team at the Calvin Bureau of Investigation. Our team heavily monitors for acts of terrorism to prevent them before any form of destruction or fatality is done. Nearly 20 years following the September 11th attacks, governments are turning to education to try to counter extremism through education. An effective technique for preventing terrorist strikes is education. We can encourage tolerance and understanding and lessen the chance that extreme ideology will spread by teaching people about many cultures, religions, and worldviews. While we do not possess any real authority in politics or governments, we believe that using our voices can pose powerful ripple effects.

Using our voices and the power of education enables people to get a better grasp of empathy and companionship. By fostering these skills, education can encourage people to see the true values of human beings with shared experiences and emotions, rather than as faceless enemies. A lot of terrorist attacks focus on revenge and the thought of needing to cause mass-destruction to prove a point or boost their political views. By fostering empathy and compassion, we can dehumanize the polarization that often fuels extremist violence, therefore, reducing terrorist attacks from occurirng in the future. Additionally, through education, we can provide accurate information on different religions and cultures to counter misinformation and stereotypes, as well as build community resilience. Education can help to build strong resilient communities that are less susceptible to extremist messages.

Calvin Bureau of Investigation | Criminal Behavior

Tactics

The 6 Main Tactics Used By Terrorists

Hijacking

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

The illegal taking of a land vehicle, an aircraft, or another mode of transportation while it is in motion is known as hijacking, also spelt highjacking. When the term "hijacking" was first used in the United States in the 1920s, it generally referred to the theft of truckloads of illegally manufactured alcohol or to the similar seizure of rumrunners at sea. However, since the late 20th century, hijacking has most frequently involved the seizure of an aeroplane and its forcible diversion to destinations chosen by the air pirates. The term's definition had been expanded by the middle of the 1950s to include both the hijacking of genuine ships and trucks carrying lawful cargo.

Assassinations

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

Albeit much less frequently than other armed acts, practically all terrorist organisations employ the strategy of assassination. When carried out as a terrorist act, assassinations target public figures or those who speak for an organization's social, religious, political, military, security, or media establishments. Ideology, religion, politics, or nationalism may be the causes of the murders. Most terrorist groups conduct assassinations to eliminate enemies, intimidate the population, discourage cooperation, influence public opinion, decrease government effectiveness, gain media attention, or simply to exact revenge.

Bombings

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

Bombing is a common tactic used by terrorists and involves the deliberate and intentional detonation of explosive devices in potentially crowded public or other places with the intent to cause destruction, mayhem, and death. The use of bombs in terrorism has a long history dating back to the 19th century. Over the years, terrorists and terrorist groups have discovered new types of bombs at their disposal, such as often homemade IEDs (improvised explosive devices), as well as more destructive weapons such as car bombs and suicide bombs. The use of bombing as a terrorist tactic underscores the ongoing threat posed by extremist groups and the importance of counterterrorism efforts to prevent and respond to such attacks.

Armed Assaults

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

An armed attack is a violent attack by a group or individual using firearms, explosives or other weapons. These attacks are often targeted against civilians or specific locations to create fear and destruction in order to advance a political or ideological agenda. Attacks have become less lethal as governments have stepped up counter-terrorism efforts, regional and international coordination and programs to prevent and counter violent extremism. In 2017, one in five terrorist attacks were unsuccessful, compared to just over 12 percent in 2014.

Kidnappings

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

Terrorists sometimes will result to kidnapping- the act of forcibly taking an individual against their will and holding them captive, typically through means of coercion or ransom. Kidnappings occur for a variety of reasons. These include political motives, financial gain, or personal vendettas. The use of kidnapping in terrorism has increased over the past decade, and groups are using this new method as a way to gain and seek new attention or to pressure governments into doing what they are asked. This sparks trauma on victims, and its a growing issue we often neglect. Adults are frequently taken hostage for ransom or to make them use an ATM, but they can also be taken for sexual abuse. Moreover, sexual assault has been committed on children who have been abducted.

Barricaded Hostages

CBI | Terrorist Strategies and Tactics

Hostage-taking, primarily in barricaded settings, is becoming more and more common with terrorists. Worldwide, hostage-taking instances have increased noticeably during the past few years. Numerous rebel and extremist groups around the world are increasingly turning to hostage taking for ransom as a means of financing their activities, recruiting new supporters, and generating public sympathy towards their cause. These groups are motivated by the possibility of receiving money in exchange for their hostages. Many governments are hesitant to engage in negotiations with terrorist organisations because they fear that the precedent may be exploited by other terrorist organisations.

Calvin Bureau of Investigation | Events in History

Terrorist Attacks

Exploring The Terrorist Attacks That Shaped Law Enforcement Forever.

Yumbi Violence

December 16th - 18th, 2018

At least 890 people, predominantly Banunus, were slaughtered between December 16 and December 18, 2018, in Yumbi and three other surrounding communities in Mai-Ndombe Province, 400 kilometres north of Kinshasa. A total of 465 homes and buildings, including several public buildings, were destroyed or pillaged. The deaths occurred in the midst of a protracted conflict between the Banunu and Batende ethnic groups. Before there was violence, tensions had been building for years. The violence has been denounced by the UN, and an investigation has been requested. In an effort to restore order, the DRC government has sent troops to the area.

Boko Haram Uprising

July 26th, 2008

Boko Haram, which in Hausa means "Western education is forbidden," was founded in 2002. Yet it wasn't until 2009 that they started to acquire popularity and launch attacks. On July 26, 2009, Boko Haram launched its initial significant assault. At the Bauchi police station, where they launched their attack, a shootout broke out. A string of assaults on police stations and government structures came next. The Nigerian military responded by starting an operation against Boko Haram. However, this only served to anger the group even more. It is estimated that over 1,000 people lost their lives during the Boko Haram uprising.

Yazidi communities bombings

August 14th, 2007

Sunni insurgents bombed Yazidi settlements in Iraq on August 14, 2007. Around 796 people were killed and 1500 more were injured in the attacks. Some of the deadliest assaults on the Yazidi people in Iraq were the bombings. Qahtaniya and Jazeera, two villages in northern Iraq, were the targets of the attacks. Yazidis, a religious minority sect that is persecuted by Sunni Muslims, live in both settlements. The airstrikes completely destroyed both settlements. Many houses and businesses were completely destroyed, and many people died or were injured. The Yazidi community in Iraq was devastated by the atrocities.

Mogadishu Bombings

October 14th, 2018

The bombings in Mogadishu on October 14, 2017, were a string of bombs that happened in the Somali nation's capital. Around 587 people were killed and hundreds more were injured in the attacks. Several women and kids were among the civilian victims, who made up the majority of the casualties. A gang of suicide bombers carried out the attacks by driving explosive-filled trucks into crowded marketplaces and detonating them there. Buildings were completely destroyed by the explosions, and the earth was left with sizable holes. The death toll from the bombings was the highest from any terrorist attack in Somalia’s history, and it was also one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in Africa.

Air India Flight 182

June 23, 1985

A flight operated by Air India on the Montreal-London-Delhi-Bombay route was Air India Flight 182. It was run on June 23rd, 1985, by a Boeing 747-237B with the registration VT-EFO. At a height of 31,000 feet (9,400 metres), above the Atlantic Ocean, on its way from Montreal to London, it destroyed in midair due to an explosion caused by a bomb that Canadian Sikh terrorists planted. All 329 occupants of the airliner, including 268 Canadians, 27 Britons, and 24 Indians, perished when the airliner's wreckage crashed into the water around 190 kilometres (120 miles) off the coast of Ireland. The bombing of Air India Flight 182 was the world's deadliest act of aviation terrorism prior to 9/11 and the deadliest aviation event in Air India's history.

Bali bombings

October 12th, 2002

On October 12, 2002, the tourist hub of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali was the scene of the Bali bombings. The assault claimed 202 lives (including 88 Australians, 38 Indonesians, 23 Britons, and people of more than 20 other nationalities). 209 other persons suffered injuries. Three Jemaah Islamiyah members, a violent Islamist organisation, were found guilty in connection with the bombings and received death sentences. The attack involved the detonation of three bombs: a backpack-mounted device carried by a suicide bomber; a large car bomb, both of which were detonated in or near popular nightclubs in Kuta; and a third much smaller device detonated outside the United States consulate in Denpasar, causing only minor damage.