Multiple independent datasets confirm the reality of global warming:

• Fig. 1: Global annual land surface temperature anomaly. Data from Berkley Earth.

• Fig. 2: Gridded land temperature anomaly on Jan. 2023. Data from Berkley Earth.

• Fig. 3: Annual mass change of monitored glaciers. Data from World Glacier Monitoring Service.

The Climate Change Impact Analysis Laboratory in Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) combines models, satellite observations, and meta-analysis to assess the real cost of global warming.