The attribution of animal figures to Bo’ness can be challenging - with the greatest potential for confusion arising between those of Bo’ness and Staffordshire manufacture.
Bo’ness figures do not carry a maker’s stamp.
Although some Staffordshire figures bear impressed or printed manufacturers’ marks, the majority likewise are unmarked.
Certain Bo'ness-made figures do display a British Patent Office registration number. Where present, this identifies the maker (invariably Bridgeness Pottery Ltd) and the year of registration.
Guidance comes from sources such as specialist websites, social media groups, and discussion forums where collectors share images and observations.
Occasional references to Bo’ness animal figures appear in reference books and in contemporary publications accessible through online archives.
Taken together, these sources can be informative, though their scope and reliability vary.
Further insights come from figures that appear for sale.
Online marketplaces such as eBay, along with auction catalogues, provide a continual stream of images. When identical or closely similar figures recur, these can help to build a broader picture of Bo’ness pottery production.
However, some online sellers, particularly on platforms such as eBay, may lack specialist knowledge and rely on web searches which return earlier listings. This can unintentionally perpetuate and reinforce previous misattributions.
Complicating matters further, in some instances identical or at least remarkably similar moulds appear to have been used by both Staffordshire and Bo’ness potteries over extended periods.
Where modelling alone is insufficient to confirm origin, differences in glaze, colouring, or decorative treatment may offer useful clues.
Inevitably, attribution must on occasion rest upon informed judgement rather than absolute certainty and sometimes no firm conclusion can be reached.
Of the figures listed below, it can be said of some that they are clearly not Bo’ness-made, but for others there's insufficient evidence to make a confident attribution.
Images of authentic Bo’ness-made pieces are included for comparison.
There's no uncertainty about the origin of these two characters. They are reproduction glass-eyed ceramic Bo’ness-style cats commissioned by Falkirk Council, probably around 1990.
This commission was intended to celebrate the historical importance of the products of Bo'ness potteries to Scotland's industrial heritage.
The base of these figures is marked “EMPRESS Staffordshire England”.
They are to be found in two sizes, 27cm and 33cm in height.
They were sold with an attached card and blurb explaining that they are reproductions of a rare original piece held in Kinneil Museum, Bo'ness.
In this next image reproduction figures can be directly compared with the genuine articles.
The authentic figures and the larger of the reproductions share similar proportions, measuring approximately 32-33cm in height.
Of course a glance at the base removes any doubt - the originals are unmarked while the reproductions are stamped "EMPRESS".
The modern versions are slip-cast, and while their colouring may be a passable match to the originals, there are differences.
Closer inspection of the Bo'ness-made figures reveals a visually grainier aerographed finish, especially in gradients. The early aerographs were mechanically crude by modern standards.
By contrast, the reproductions exhibit a more uniform application, lacking the variability of the authentic pieces.
The glass eyes of the modern figures are slightly larger and more vivid in colour, resulting in a heightened comic expression.
The antique cats may perhaps be considered the kitsch figures of their era, but these reproductions have somehow contrived to out-kitsch them!
You'll find that the commemorative reproductions can be purchased at modest prices, whereas genuine Bo'ness glass-eyed cats, such as those below, are significantly more expensive to acquire.
Ceramic Pekingese figures were manufactured in both Bo'ness and Staffordshire potteries.
The Bo'ness-made dogs were typically produced in three distinct parts - two body halves and a separate base. As a result, the joint where the body sections meet often remains visible as a seam running along the top of the figure.
The Bo-ness Pekingese have painted or glass eyes. The 1909 British Patent Office registration number 542671 may be present.
Other figures, distinguished by their blue base, are Staffordshire-made slip-moulded dogs.
The manufacturer of this distinctive pair, with the black-outlined bow, was Lancaster and Sons Ltd, of Hanley, Staffordshire.
This final chap is an import.
The maker's mark shows it to have been "Made in China" between 1906 and 1945.
As previously mentioned, the widespread replication of successful designs was common practice throughout the British pottery industry.
For many decades, both Staffordshire and Bo'ness potteries manufactured popular and affordable figures for the mass market.
The commercial success of a particular design could result in several potteries producing very similar figures.
These grey horses have been attributed to Bo'ness. The colour, and the manner of its application, are typical of Bo'ness-made animal figures.
It's not unreasonable to attribute this light tan pair to Bo'ness.
Unfortunately you'll find that figures of this design are regularly described, online and at auction, as of Bo'ness and Staffordshire manufacture - so there is uncertainty.
The presence of the mark “Made in England” on the base of this pair leaves little doubt that they were Staffordshire-made.
While the next pair, randomly splattered with grey paint, is certainly not typical of Bo’ness production.
The figure shown above, in light grey and with sharp, well-defined modelling, is yet a further variation.
It was one of a pair sold at auction in a mixed lot that included Bo’ness pieces, although these particular figures were not identified as Bo’ness ceramics at that sale.
As for the next pair, with the blue bases - it can be said with certainty that they are not of Bo'ness origin.
The final figure is made in a distinctive Art Deco style.
It is marked "Made in England". The mark "The HP Co" refers to the Harvey Pottery Company of Staffordshire.
That factory operated from 1900 to 1925.
It's quite clear that care must be taken in the attribution of these particular figures - and that it's necessary to accept it may be impossible to reach a firm conclusion.
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