X-ray anteroposterior view of the left hip joint showing (a) revision total hip arthroplasty using a fully coated stem (b) stem subsidence and dislocation of hip (c) dislodgement of the neck from the stem (d) salvage using a bioball neck adapter.

X-ray anteroposterior view of the left hip joint showing (a) Revision total hip arthroplasty using a fully coated femoral stem (b) Subsidence of the femoral stem (c) Re-revision with a bioball neck adapter


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1. I understand, only nitrifying bacteria can make their colony in bioballs and nitrifying bacteria work only presence of Air /oxygen . Does it mean that bioballs with nitrifying bacteria needs direct aeration all the time to get direct touch of air /air bubbles ? OR they can use the oxygen dissolved in water?

Hi Ian,

I have a pond with a capacity of about 2,500 litres.

I have been using an external UV pressure filter but it clogs up too often and its hard to clean.

I have seen at the local fish shop that they have built a tank which is about a cubic meter and which has alternating layers of foam and bioballs. The water is pumped into the bottom and flows up through the bioball and over the top. There water is always clean.

I was planning on doing the same. What sort of system is this called and is there anything I can read on them.

Thanks in advance,

Paul.

Unfortunately, I can only comment on bioballs in relation to the aquarium hobby. The surface area will entirely depend on the plastic/whether there is sponge in size. Mechanical filtration is important since it prevents the pores of the bio media (ceramic noodles/bioballs etc.) from becoming clogged.

Many people decide to remove them entirely, instead depending on live rock in the display side of the tank for biological filtration. The concern with bioballs in a filter section, is that they can accumulate detritus over a long period of time, eventually causing issues long term.

Bio balls have a moderately low surface area which make them one of the less efficient biomedia for submerged filters. This was confirmed by a test run on the ammonia oxidizing capability of various filter media. Bio balls did not perform very well in this test. The only good use for bioballs is as a media in trickle filters.

One type of bioball has a hollow center filled with urethane foam. Sounds good, but since there is no pressure drop across the foam in a submerged filter, there is going to be very little flow through the foam. Which means it is just a good marketing talking point, not a true benefit.

This foam bioball media will be slightly better than straight bioballs in a trickle filter for biofiltration. The foam will adsorb water and move it though the foam as it drips onto the bioballs, which will give some added biofiltration. The foam does nothing for aeration.

Note that trickle filters using bioballs have quite rightly fallen out of favor with home aquarists. Trickle filters have about 25% of the efficiency of a static submerged filter on a cubic inch to cubic inch basis.

Operating volume of the reactor is 8.6 litres. Average of flow rate up (Vup) is 0.08 m/h. This reactor used bioball as support media. The system had four sample media ports suspended at the bottom of the reactor, four ports sampling attached at the top of the reactor and GLSS as a separator between gas, liquid and solids. Gas is collected through the gas valve provided on the top of the reactor. The amount of gas produced is indicated by the movement of water from the bottle because of the effect of the gas that has been collected in the bottle. 2351a5e196

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