Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Also known as "Separation of Church and State," this section of the 1st Amendment means that the government cannot tell you what to believe. This stemmed from religious problems in Europe, where you could be persecuted for believing the wrong thing.
The Freedom of Assembly is a simple concept. It states that the Government cannot stop any number of people from gathering in any place. This means that the government can't stop any gathering from a children's sleepover to thousands of people in a protest.
This part of the 1st amendment says that anyone in the US can publish anything they want. The government has no control over what people print about anything. This helps keep the Government on the level because if there is anything wrong, the press can talk about it and everyone will know.
The freedom of petition is one of the less-talked about parts of the First amendment. It means that if someone writes a petition and it gets enough signatures, it can affect the US government. This is vital because it means that not only do citizens vote on who is in office, but they can also affect laws and policies of the government.
This is possibly the most relevant part of the first amendment. The Freedom of Speech says that the government cannot control what people say. This means that people can say whatever they want* openly without fear that they are going to be censored.
*There are exceptions to the 1st amendment, such as Obscenity, Defamation, Fighting Words, Perjury, etc.
The First Amendment provides ways for the citizens of the United States to peacefully disagree and protest against our government. we are provided with freedoms that make the US different form other countries around the world. Our 1st amendment protects us and our basic rights.