List of variables

Here is a list of the variables in the Country Level version of the World Value Survey. Beneath each variable (code and name) is the exact survey question as well as how the responses were coded.

The values in the Country Level data set represents the average individual response for each question.

S002

Year

S003

Country

S003A

Country/Region

S013

Resp interested during interview

How interested did the respondent seem?

1=Very Interested, 2=Somewhat interested, 3=Not very interested, 4=not interested at all.

S013B

Interview privacy

Were there other people in the room?

1=yes,2=no

S020

Year survey

A001

Family important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Friends, would you say it is

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A002

Friends important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Family, would you say it is...

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A003

Leisure time important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Leisure time, would you say it is...

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A004

Politics important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Politics, would you say it is

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A005

Work important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Work, would you say it is

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A006

Religion important

For each of the following, indicate how important it is in your life. Religion, would you say it is

1=very important, 2=Rather important, 3=Not very important, 4=Not at all important.

A008

Happiness

Taking all things together, would you say you are:

1=Very happy, 2=quite happy, 3=not very happy, 4=Not at all happy

A009

Health

All in all, how would you describe your state of health these days? Would you say it is:

1=very good, 2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor, 5=very poor

A029

Important child qualities: independence

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "Independence"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A030

Important child qualities: hard work

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "hard work"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A032

Important child qualities: feeling of responsibility

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "responsibility"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A034

Important child qualities: imagination

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "imagination"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A035

Important child qualities: tolerance and respect for other people

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "tolerance and respect for other people"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A038

Important child qualities: thrift saving money and things

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "thrift saving money and things"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A039

Important child qualities: determination

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "determination"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A040

Important child qualities: religious faith

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "religious faith"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A041

Important child qualities: unselfishness

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "unselfishness"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A042

Important child qualities: obedience

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "obedience"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A043B

Important child qualities: Self-expression

Here is a list of qualities that children can be encouraged to learn at home. Which, if any do you consider to be especially important? "self expression"

0=not mentioned, 1=important

A098

Active/Inactive membership of church or religious organization

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Church or religious organization"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A099

Active/Inactive membership of sport or recreation

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Sport or recreational organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A100

Active/inactive membership of art, music, educational.

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Art, music or educational organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A101

Active/Inactive membership of labour unions

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Labour unions"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A102

Active/Inactive membership of political party

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Political party"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A103

Active/Inactive membership of environmental organization

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Environmental organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A104

Active/Inactive membership of professional

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Professional organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A105

Acive/Inactive membership of charitable/humanitarian organisation

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Charitable/humanitarian organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A106

Active/Inactive membership of any other organization

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Any other organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A106B

Active/Inactive membership: consumer organization

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Consumer organisation"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A106C

Active/Inactive membership: Self-help group, mutual aid group

Now I am going to read off a list of voluntary organizations. For each organization, cold you tell me whether you are an active member, an inactive member or not a member of that type of organization? "Church or religious organization"

0=Not a member, 1=Inactive member, 3=Active member

A124_02

Neighbours: People of a different race

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "People of different race"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_03

Neighbours: Heavy drinkers

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "Heavy drinkers"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_06

Neighbours: Immigrants/foreign workers

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "Immigrants/foreign workers"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_07

Neighbours: People who have AIDS

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "People who have aids"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_08

Neighbours: Drug addicts

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "Drug addicts"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_09

Neighbours: Homosexuals

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "Homosexuals"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_12

Neighbours: People of a different religion

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "People of different religion"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_42

Neighbours: Unmarried couples living together

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "Unmarried people living together"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A124_43

Neighbours: People who speak a different language

On this list are various groups of people. Could you please mention any that you would not like to have as neighbors? "People who speak a different language"

0=Not mentioned, 1=mentioned

A165

Most people can be trusted

Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or taht you need to be very areful in dealing with people?

1=most people can be trusted, 2=One should be very careful when dealing with people

A168A

Do you think most people try to take advantage of you (10 point scale)

Do you think most people would try to take advantage of you if they got a chance, or would they try to be fair? Please show you response on this card, where 1 means that "people would try to take advantage of you", and 10 means that "people wold try to be fair"

A170

Satisfaction with your life

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days? Using this card on which 1 means you are "completely dissatisfied" and 10 means you are "completely satisfied" where would you put your satisfaction with your life as a whole?

1=Completely dissatisfied, 10=completely satisfied

A173

How much freedom of choice and control

Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while other people feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. Please use this scale where 1 means "no choice at all" and 10 means "a great deal of choice" to indicate how much freedom of choice and control you feel you have over the way your life turns out.

1=No choice at all, 10=A great deal of choice

A189

Schwartz: It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative; to do things one's own way."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A190

Schwartz: It is important to this person to be rich

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to this person to be rich;to have a lot of money and expensive things."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A191

Schwartz: It is important to this person living in secure surroundings

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"Living in secure surroundings is important to this perosn; to avoid anything that might be dangerous."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A192

Schwartz: It is important to this person to have a good time

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to this person to have a good time; to spoil oneself."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A193

Schwartz: It is important to this person to help the people nearby

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to help people living nearby; to are for their needs"

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A194

Schwartz: It is important to this person being very successful

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"Being very successful is important to this person; to have people recognize one's achievements."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A195

Schwartz: It is important to this person adventure and taking risks

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"Adventur and taking risks are important to this perosn; to have an exciting life."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A196

Schwartz: It is important to this person to always behave properly

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to this person to always behave properly; to avoid doing anything peopple would say is wrong."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A197

Schwartz: It is important to this person looking after the environment

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"Looking after the environment is important for this person; to care for nature and save life resources"

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A198

Schwartz: It is important to this person tradition

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"Tradition is important for this peroson; to follow the customs handed down by one's religion or family"

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A199

Schwartz: It is important to this person to do something for the good of society

Now I will briefly discribe some people. Using this card, would you please indicate for each description whether that person is very much like you, like you somewhat like you, not like you, or not at all like you?

"It is important to this person to think up new ideas and be creative; to do things one's own way."

1=Very much like me, 2= like me, 3=somewhat like me, 4=A little like me, 5= Not like me, 6= Not at all like me

A200

Social position: People in their 20s

I'm interseted in how you think most people in this country view the position in society of people in their 20s, people in their 40s and people over 70. Using this card, please tell me where most people would place the social position of...

people in their 20's?

1=Extremely low position in society, 10=Extremely high position in society

A201

Social position: People in their 40s

I'm interseted in how you think most people in this country view the position in society of people in their 20s, people in their 40s and people over 70. Using this card, please tell me where most people would place the social position of...

people in their 40's?

1=Extremely low position in society, 10=Extremely high position in society

A202

Social position: People in their 70s

I'm interseted in how you think most people in this country view the position in society of people in their 20s, people in their 40s and people over 70. Using this card, please tell me where most people would place the social position of...

people in their 70's?

1=Extremely low position in society, 10=Extremely high position in society

A203

Is a 30-year old boss acceptable

Please tell me how acceptable or unacceptable you think most people in [country] would find it if a suitably qualified 30 year old was appointed as their boss?

1=Completely unacceptable, 10=Completely acceptable

A204

People over 70: are seen as friendly

Now think about those aged over 70. Using the same card please tell me how likely it is that most people in [country] view those over 70...

...as friendly?

1=Not at all likely to be seen like this, 4=Very likely to be seen like this.

A205

People over 70: are seen as competent

Now think about those aged over 70. Using the same card please tell me how likely it is that most people in [country] view those over 70...

...as competent?

1=Not at all likely to be seen like this, 4=Very likely to be seen like this.

A206

People over 70: viewed with respect

Now think about those aged over 70. Using the same card please tell me how likely it is that most people in [country] view those over 70...

...with respect?

1=Not at all likely to be seen like this, 4=Very likely to be seen like this.

A207

Is a 70-year old boss acceptable

Please tell me how acceptable or unacceptable you think most people in [country] would find it if a suitably qualified 70 year old was appointed as their boss?

1=Completely unacceptable, 10=Completely acceptable

A208

Older people are not respected much these days

Now could you tell me whether you agree, agree strongly, disagree or disagree strongly with each of the following statements? Older people are not respected much these days.

1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

A209

Older people get more than their fair share from the government

Now could you tell me whether you agree, agree strongly, disagree or disagree strongly with each of the following statements?

Older people get more than their fair share from the government

1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

A210

Older people are a burden on society

Now could you tell me whether you agree, agree strongly, disagree or disagree strongly with each of the following statements?

Older people are a burden on society.

1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

A211

Companies that employ young people perform better than those that employ people of different ages

Now could you tell me whether you agree, agree strongly, disagree or disagree strongly with each of the following statements?

Companies that employ young people perform better than those that employ people of different ages.

1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

A212

Old people have too much political influence

Now could you tell me whether you agree, agree strongly, disagree or disagree strongly with each of the following statements?

Old people have too much political influence.

1=Strongly agree, 2=agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

B008

Protecting environment vs. Economic growth

Here are two statements people sometimes make when discussing the environment and economic growth. Which of them comes closer to your own point of view?:

1=Protecting the environment should be given priority, even if it causes slower economic growth and some loss of jobs, 2=Economic growth and creating jobs should be the top priority even if the environment suffers to some extent.

B030

Past two years: given money to ecological organization

During the past two years have you… Given money to an ecological organization?

1=yes, 2=no.

B031

Past two years: participated in demonstration for environment

During the past two years have you…Participated in a demonstration for some environmental cause?

1=yes, 2=no.

C006

Satisfaction with financial situation of household

How satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household?

1=completely dissatisfied, 10=completely satisfied

D001_B

How much you trust: Your family (B)

I ‘d like to ask you how much you trust people from various groups. Could you tell me for each whether you trust people from this group completely, somewhat, not very much or not at all?

Your family

1=Trust completely,2=somewhat trust, 3=Do not trust very much, 4=Do not trust at all.

D054

One of main goals in life has been to make my parents proud

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"One of my main goals in life has been to make my parents proud"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D057

Being a housewife just as fulfilling

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"Being a housewife is just as fulfilling as working for pay"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D059

Men make better political leaders than women do

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"On the whole, men make better political leaders than women do"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D060

University is more important for a boy than for a girl

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"A university education is more important for a boy than for a girl"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D061

Pre-school child suffers with working mother

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"When a mother works for pay, the children suffer"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D063_B

Job best way for women to be independent (b)

Do you agree, disagree or neither agree nor disagree with the following statements?:

"Having a job is the best way for a woman to be an independent person."

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D066_B

Problem if women have more income than husband (B)

Do you agree, disagree or neither agree nor disagree with the following statements?:

"If a woman earns more money than her husband, it's almost certain to cause problems"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

D078

Men make better business executives than women do

For each of the following statements I read out, can you tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with each. Do you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree?:

"On the whole, men make better business executives than women do"

1=Agree strongly, 2=Agree, 3=Disagree, 4=Strongly disagree.

E012

Willingness to fight for country

Of course, we all hope that there will not be another war, but if it were to come to that, would you be willing to fight for your country?

0=no, 1 yes

E015

Future changes: Less importance placed on work

I'm giong to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it wre to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?

1=Good thing, 2=Dont mind, 3=Bad thing

E016

Future changes: More emphasis on technology

I'm giong to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it wre to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?

1=Good thing, 2=Dont mind, 3=Bad thing

E018

Future changes: Greater respect for authority

I'm giong to read out a list of various changes in our way of life that might take place in the near future. Please tell me for each one, if it wre to happen, whether you think it would be a good thing, a bad thing, or don't you mind?

1=Good thing, 2=Dont mind, 3=Bad thing

E023

Interest in politics

How interested would yo usay you are in politics?

1=Very interested, 2=Somewhat interested, 3=Not very interested,4=Not at all interested.

E025

Political action: signing a petition

Now I would like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never under any circumstances do it. "Signing a petition"

1=Have done, 2=Might do, 3=Would never do.

E026

Political action: joining in boycotts

Now I would like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never under any circumstances do it. "Joining in boycotts"

1=Have done, 2=Might do, 3=Would never do.

E027

Political action: attending lawful/peaceful demonstrations

Now I would like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never under any circumstances do it. "Attending lawful/peaceful demonstrations"

1=Have done, 2=Might do, 3=Would never do.

E028

Political action: joining unofficial strikes

Now I would like you to look at this card. I'm going to read out some forms of political action that people can take, and I'd like you to tell me, for each one, whether you have done any of these things, whether you might do it or would never under any circumstances do it. "Joining unofficial strikes"

1=Have done, 2=Might do, 3=Would never do.

E033

Self positioning in political scale

In political matters, people talk of "the left" and "the right". How would you place your views on this scale, generally speaking?

1=left,10=Right.

E035

Income equality

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "Incomes shold be made more equal" vs. "We need larger income differences as incentives for individual effort"

1=Incomes should be made more equal, 10=We need larger income differences as incentives for individual effort

E036

Private vs state ownership of business

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "Private ownership of business and industry should be increased" vs. "Government ownership of business and insutry should be increased".

1=Private ownership shold be increased, 2=Government ownership and control should be increased

E037

Government responsibility

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "Government should take more responsibility to ensure that everyone is provided for" vs. "People should take more responsibility to provide for themselves"

1=Government should take more responsibility, 10=People should take more responsibility to provide for themselves.

E039

Competition good or harmful

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "Competion is good. It stimulates people to work hard and develop new ideas." vs. "Competition is harmful. It brings out the worst in people."

1= "Competion is good. It stimulates people to work hard and develop new ideas.", 10= "Competition is harmful. It brings out the worst in people."

E040

Hard work brings success

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "In the long run, hard work usually brings a better life" vs. "Hard work doesnt generally bring success --it's more a matter of luck and connections"

1="In the long run, hard work usually brings a better life", 10="Hard work doesnt generally bring success --it's more a matter of luck and connections"

E041

Wealth accumulation

Now I'd like you to tell me your views on various issues. How would you place your vies on this scale? 1 Means you agree completely with the statement on the left; 10 means you agree completely with the statement on the right; and if your views fall somewhere in between, you can choose any number in between. "People can only get rich at the expense of othes" vs. "Wealth can grow so there's enough for everyone"

1="People can only get rich at the expense of othes", 10= "Wealth can grow so there's enough for everyone"

E069_01

Confidence: Churches