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Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and quality of YouTube videos about epilepsy as a source of information for the general population and also for patients suffering from this illness and for their families.

Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, utilizing a questionnaire prepared on Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) with predetermined criteria. Each of the six authors independently searched and evaluated 10 YouTube videos using specific keywords. The assessment included determining the global quality score and utilizing the DISCERN tool. The collected data was recorded in Microsoft Excel and subsequently analyzed.

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Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of assessment of medical information on social media platforms in order to ensure availability of correct information with high quality and reliability for epilepsy patients. This will help in understanding their medical health issues and decision making.

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With the substantial global burden of epilepsy, individuals often seek information from various sources to gain a better understanding of the disease. One commonly utilized platform for information retrieval is YouTube, which boasts approximately 122 million daily users and 2.1 billion monthly active users worldwide [2]. Consequently, it is crucial to evaluate the data provided on this platform, particularly for a condition that is often misunderstood and can profoundly impact the quality of life. Many doctors, either working independently or affiliated with hospitals, share their expert advice on this social platform. Such advice may be biased, aiming to attract attention to their respective medical institutions, or it may be unbiased, solely intended to disseminate information to the general public without any hidden motives.

The present study aimed to assess the quality and reliability of information available on YouTube concerning epilepsy causes, prevention, and treatment options (including both pharmacological and surgical approaches), among others. To eliminate any potential influence from prior searches, the researchers deleted cookies, cache, and search history from Google and YouTube before initiating the video search process, ensuring that the new samples used in this study were not impacted by previous search preferences.

A questionnaire was created on Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) with predetermined criteria, focusing on three broad characteristics. First, we examined the basic characteristics of the videos, including the source of the uploaded videos and the time frame of the posts. Second, we analyzed the type of information presented in the videos, looking for descriptions of symptoms, causes, investigations, prevention, treatment, mortality, rehabilitation, and personal experiences shared by patients and their family members. We also considered if the post contained promotional content by pharmaceutical companies or doctors. Lastly, we assessed the quality and reliability of the videos using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and DISCERN tool, respectively [3].

The prevalence of epilepsy is relatively high, with approximately 3.4 million individuals actively affected, including three million adults and 470,000 children. Population-based studies indicate that at least 50% of children who develop epilepsy during childhood experience remission [5]. The stigma associated with epilepsy has been linked to reduced quality of life for affected individuals [6]. Thus, raising awareness about epilepsy is crucial, and YouTube serves as a popular medium for disseminating information [7].

However, studies have indicated that health-related content on YouTube tends to have average to below-average quality, making it an unreliable source of health information [8]. Despite this, many people rely on YouTube videos for information on epilepsy. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the quality, reliability, and reach of epilepsy-related videos on YouTube.

This study aims to assess the accuracy, dependability, and comprehensiveness of epilepsy-related materials available on YouTube. We analyzed 60 videos on YouTube that provided information about epilepsy and seizures, examining their impact on the viewing audience. The 60 videos collectively received 12,975,177 views, 132,722 likes, 4,652 dislikes, and 7,881 comments. Among the analyzed videos, 76.27% highlighted treatment options for epilepsy, and 71.19% explained the causes and etiology of epilepsy and seizures.

In our study, 54.24% of the videos covered symptoms, while another study assessing 100 videos reported only 28% coverage of symptoms [9]. Furthermore, another study found that 46% of videos were uploaded by doctors and 33% by healthcare channels, contrasting with our study's findings of 11.9% by doctors and 45.8% by educational media [10]. Our study yielded a mean GQS of 3.3 and a mean reliability/DISCERN score of 3.2. Another study reported a mean GQS of 3.21 1.05 and a mean DISCERN score of 3.71 1.17 [10]. In addition, our study introduced the calculation of the VPI for each uploader, which was not addressed in previous similar studies. A study focusing on miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) and YouTube videos reported mean VPI, GQS, reliability, and mPCNL scores of 4.61, 2.86, 2.61, and 9.58, respectively [11]. In a separate study on YouTube videos about ovarian cysts, reliability and general quality scores were found to be 2.81 1.3 and 2.88 1.4, respectively [12].

Despite significant advancements in epilepsy research and treatment, such as gene discovery and diagnosis [13,14], epilepsy remains a significant concern for the society, significantly impacting the quality of life for patients and their families [15,16]. Since social media is used to access healthcare-related information not only about epilepsy, similar to several other diseases [11,12], government agencies and healthcare organizations should join hands to form rules to have strict actions against those circulating unverified and unreliable information on social media, such as YouTube.

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The aim of this study is to determine which parameter of Cirrus and RTVue optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the highest ability to discriminate between early, moderate, and advanced glaucoma. Simultaneously, to compare the performance of the two OCT devices in terms of their ability to differentiate the three stages of glaucoma. Further, to analyze the macular parameters of both devices and compare them with the conventional retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters.

Average RNFL thickness and superior RNFL thickness of both the devices and inferior (ganglion cell complex [GCC] of RTVue device best differentiated normals from all stage glaucomatous eyes (P > 0.05). Cirrus average RNFL thickness and superior RNFL thickness performed better than other parameters (P < 0.05) in differentiating early glaucoma from moderate and advanced. In differentiating advanced from early and moderate glaucoma, RTVue average, superior, and inferior RNFL thickness and inferior GCC parameters had the highest discriminating ability (P < 0.05).

Overall, average RNFL thickness had the highest ability to distinguish different stages of the disease. No significant difference was found between RTVue and Cirrus OCT device in different severity levels. No significant difference was observed between RNFL and macular parameters in different stages of glaucoma. 17dc91bb1f