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Current & Ongoing Work
Current & Ongoing Work
Assessment of Silk Acellular Biologic Grafts in a Rat Model
Assessment of Silk Acellular Biologic Grafts in a Rat Model
Biologic grafts have high surgical complication rates, such as infection, mechanical failure, and host-integration failure when treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP). BioAesthetics has developed a novel silk-strengthen acellular biological graft for female POP repair surgeries to improve outcomes. Demonstration of feasibility in rodents is a critical next step. Thus, we use a Sprague Dawley rat model of abdominal wall reconstruction surgery to assess graft feasibility. The grafts will be mechanically tested utilizing planar biaxial protocols. The grafts will also be evaluated histologically for elastin content, collagen deposition, overall recellularization, and smooth muscle cell recellularization.
This work is funded by NIH Award (1R43HD102296-01)
Biaxial Murine Vagina Remodeling with Reproductive Aging
Biaxial Murine Vagina Remodeling with Reproductive Aging
Higher reproductive age is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and severe vaginal tearing during delivery. Further, menopause is associated with vaginal stiffening. However, the mechanical properties of the vagina during reproductive aging before the onset of menopause are unknown. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to quantify the biaxial mechanical properties of the nulliparous murine vagina with reproductive aging. Menopause is further associated with decreased elastic fiber content, which may contribute to vaginal stiffening. Hence, our second objective was to determine the effect of elastic fiber disruption on the biaxial vaginal mechanical properties. To accomplish this, vaginal samples from CD-1 mice aged 2–14 months underwent extension-inflation testing protocols (n = 64 total; n = 16/age group). Then, half of the samples were randomly allocated to undergo elastic fiber fragmentation via elastase digestion (n = 32 total; 8/age group) to evaluate the role of elastic fibers
Fig 1. A total of 64 female CD-1 mice at estrus aged 2–3 (n = 16), 4–6 (n = 16), 7–9 (n = 16), and 10–14 (n = 16) months were used ((a); human year age correlations) . Two experimental extension-inflation protocols were employed: the control passive characterization and 15 U elastase digestion that fragments the elastic fibers followed by passivation (b). Prior to mechanical testing, a total of 9 mice/age group underwent pressure catheterization to determine the in vivo vaginal pressure (c). This pressure measurement was then used to determine the circumferential and axial material stiffness (in vivo pressure ±1 standard deviation) (d).
Biaxial Mechanical Properties and Composition of the Human Vagina in Patients with and without Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Biaxial Mechanical Properties and Composition of the Human Vagina in Patients with and without Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the descent of the female pelvic organs, such as the uterus, bladder, and rectum, into the vagina. While the etiology of POP is not fully understood, loss of mechanical integrity of the vagina, uterosacral ligaments, and other muscular and connective tissues may contribute to POP development and progression. 2.4% of premenopausal and more postmenopausal women require surgical intervention to restore normal anatomy and relieve symptoms such as voiding dysfunctions. The structural and compositional changes that dictate the loss of mechanical integrity are not fully understood, and research on vaginal tissue is limited. In addition, the relationship between most mechanical properties, biochemical composition, and demographics in premenopausal vaginal tissue remains unknown. Therefore, we aim to quantify biaxial mechanical behavior and biochemical content in vaginal tissue from premenopausal and postmenopausal women with and without prolapse.
Fig 2: (A) Tissue collected from the apex or anterior wall (shadow). (B) Biaxial testing. (C) The directional difference in stress-strain behavior, circumferential (not filled), and axial (dark).
This work is funded by Ochsner Translational Medicine Research Initiative
This work is funded by Ochsner Translational Medicine Research Initiative
Elastic Fiber Regeneration Potential During Postpartum Healing
Elastic Fiber Regeneration Potential During Postpartum Healing
Fig 3. The vaginal wall is composed of four layers: the epithelium, subepithelium, muscularis, and adventitia. The subepithelium and muscularis are the primary contributors to vaginal mechanical and structural integrity. The subepithelium is comprised mainly of fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers. The muscularis is predominantly smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers. Hence, changes in ECM composition and organization in these layers with advancing maternal age in the vaginal wall is of high interest.
While the etiology of pelvic floor disorders is unknown, vaginal delivery and injuries during childbirth are leading risk factors. Additionally, women with first pregnancies after age 35 have a 350% greater risk of obstetric injury compared to 25-year-olds, yet, nine times more women are delaying childbearing compared to 4 decades ago. The etiology of increased trauma risk is unknown. However, with advancing age, pelvic floor tissue's reduced elasticity and regenerative capability may contribute. Prior work suggests that regeneration and remodeling of elastic fibers during pregnancy and postpartum healing is critical to pelvic floor disorder prevention. Thus, decreased elastic fiber functionality and regenerative potential with advanced maternal age may contribute to an increased risk of injury during childbirth and, consequently, pelvic floor disorder development. There is a need to rigorously quantify relationships between elastic fibers, contractility, and mechanical properties during postpartum healing as a function of maternal age. Such information will improve our basic science understanding of the regenerative potential of the vagina to produce and remodel elastic fibers, as well as the role of elastic fibers in dynamic remodeling during pregnancy and postpartum healing.
Past Work
Past Work
Fig 4. Schematic of the grades of pelvic organ prolapse in the Fibulin-5 murine model.
Biaxial Mechanical Assessment of the Role of Fibulin-5 in the Murine Vagina
Biaxial Mechanical Assessment of the Role of Fibulin-5 in the Murine Vagina
Herein, we are extending our work in POP to better understand the interaction between elastic fibers and smooth muscle contractility in the vagina. To accomplish this, we are leveraging the Fibulin-5 deficient mouse model, which readily develops prolapse similar to humans and non-human primates (Fig 3). To address this gap, we are extending our past extension-inflation protocol to assess maximum contractility and the passive biaxial mechanical function pre- and post- elastase digestion. These experiments are critical to understanding the potential structural and mechanical processes of POP progression atin to design and improve biomaterial interventions that better recapitulate native function, as well as to develop pharmaceutical interventions.
Assessment of biaxial mechanical function, extracellular matrix composition, and residual strain in the nonparous murine female reproductive system
Assessment of biaxial mechanical function, extracellular matrix composition, and residual strain in the nonparous murine female reproductive system
From a biomechanical perspective, female reproductive health is a drastically understudied area of research. Knowledge of the biomechanical function and extracellular matrix composition of these organs may elucidate etiologies of prevalent conditions such as pelvic organ prolapse and preterm birth. To address this gap, we developed extension-inflation protocols that enabled quantification of the biaxial mechanical function of the murine vagina, cervix, and uterus while preserving native matrix interactions and geometry and quantified residual strain and microstructure along the length of the reproductive system. Distensibility and residual strain decreased and increased, respectively, along the length from the uterus to the vagina (Fig 4). These results aid in establishing a reference configuration for mathematical models of the female reproductive system that enable future work to elucidate the biomechanical mechanisms leading to pelvic floor conditions. Biaxial extension-inflation testing will be a critical component of our future work in determining the structural and mechanical mechanisms of pelvic organ prolapse and preterm birth.
Fig 5. Assessment of Biaxial Biomechanical Properties, Geometry, and Microstructure of the Murine Reproductive System. Schematic of an organ mounted within the extension-inflation device where inlet and outlet pressures are device controlled, a micrometer controls axial extension, and a camera measures outer diameter optically (A).Cauchy circumferential stress-stretch curves for the vagina (VAG, open circles), cervix (CER, grey circles), and uterus (UTE, black circles) at the estimated physiologic length over a range of physiologic pressures (P=0-25 mmHg for VAG and P=0-200 mmHg for CER and UTE) (B). Representative images for Masson’s Trichrome staining (10x; left) and opening angle (right) of the vagina, cervix, and uterus (C). Data reported as mean +/- SEM.
Methods to assess the role and interaction of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cell contractility in the nonparous murine vagina
Methods to assess the role and interaction of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cell contractility in the nonparous murine vagina
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition characterized as the descent of the pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. Prolapse critically impacts 12% of women and requires surgical intervention to restore normal anatomy. The structural and mechanical mechanisms of POP are not known. To address this gap, we extended our past extension-inflation protocol (#1) to isolate the contributions of elastic fibers and smooth muscle tone on vaginal function. We found that maximum vaginal smooth muscle tone was decreased with increasing intraluminal pressures – which has important implications for POP development as increased intra-abdominal pressure is frequently observed clinically. Our data also suggest an important interaction between elastic fiber integrity and smooth muscle contractility in vaginal mechanics. Our results suggest that elastic fibers and smooth muscle tone is critical to vaginal mechanical function. Further, these comprehensive multiaxial datasets serve as the foundation to develop mathematical models to test mechanobiological hypotheses on prolapse onset and treatment design. Additionally, the protocols to quantify smooth muscle function in the murine vagina will be a critical component of our future work.
Fig 6. Role of Elastic Fibers and SMC in Murine Vagina Mechanical Response. Disruption of elastic fibers via elastase digestion induces significant decreases in passive compliance (A) and distensibility (B). A 2-fiber family constitutive model (solid line) described the circumferential (B) Cauchy stress-stretch data (open symbols) reasonably well. Quantification of Hart’s Elastin stain on intact vaginal tissues demonstrated a larger area fraction of elastic fibers in the axial direction compared to the circumferential (C). Smooth muscle basal tone (open) increased tissue distensibility compared to no tone (passive; filled) (D). The change in outer diameter with maximum contraction was significantly decreased with increased pressure (E). The change in axial force with maximum contraction was significantly decreased with increased axial length (F). Elastase digestion induced a statistically significant decrease in axial contraction (F), but not circumferential (E). Data reported as mean +/- SEM. Statistical significance denoted by * p<0.05 and ** p<0.01.
Dynamic Role of Elastic Fibers in Response to In Situ Altered Intraluminal Pressure in the Murine Cervix and Vagina
Dynamic Role of Elastic Fibers in Response to In Situ Altered Intraluminal Pressure in the Murine Cervix and Vagina
The cervix and vagina are central to female pelvic support and adapt to dynamic intra-abdominal pressures throughout a woman’s lifespan. How the cervix and vagina adapt to increased pressures – including the turnover of elastic fibers and smooth muscle contractility – is unknown. Therefore in this proposal, we will 1) Elucidate the role of elastic fibers in evolving cervovaginal mechanical properties and smooth muscle contractility in response to altered in situloads, 2) Formulate a biomechanical model that describes cervovaginal mechanics, contractility, and extracellular matrix composition, with and without compromised elastic fibers, and 3) Validate the model by predicting the key features of dynamic cervovaginal adaptations to altered loads. These results will enable researchers to better understand the fundamental mechanical and biochemical roles of elastic fibers in soft tissue adaptation in response to mechanical stimuli. Further, these results will indicate if elastic fibers are an appropriate therapeutic target to treat and ultimately prevent prolapse and preterm birth.
Mechanisms of pelvic floor structural integrity: Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Postmenopausal Uterosacral Ligament in Patients with and without Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Mechanisms of pelvic floor structural integrity: Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Postmenopausal Uterosacral Ligament in Patients with and without Pelvic Organ Prolapse
POP etiology is multifactorial, with risk factors such as aging, vaginal birth, smoking, genetics, obesity, and chronic physical strain. The mechanisms by which these risk factors contribute to POP pathogenesis are not understood and correlations between structure-function relationships and risk factors are not resolved. Towards this end, we seek to alter the clinical paradigm for POP treatment by identifying key correlations between risk factors and extracellular matrix disruption mechanisms of pelvic instability to rationally design intervention strategies. Successful completion of this study will yield key correlations between POP risk factors and matrix mechanisms yielding pelvic mechanical instability. This study will provide a vital step towards the development of predictive models to correlate the cumulative effect of risk factors on pelvic floor integrity, which can be leveraged to rationally design patient-specific treatment plans and compliance-matched interventions for pelvic floor repair. The uterosacral ligament provides structural support (Level 1) to the female pelvic floor and the loss of structural integrity of the uterosacral ligament may induce POP. It is unknown, however, how mechanical and microstructural properties of the uterosacral ligament change with POP. To address this gap, we obtained uterosacral ligament samples from postmenopausal women with either POP or non-POP status following transvaginal hysterectomies with IRB approval in collaboration with Ochsner Clinical School (Fig 7). This information will be a critical component to improve existing finite element models to determine the structural and mechanical mechanisms of prolapse, as well as to improve existing clinical treatments.
This work is funded by Ochsner Translational Medicine Research Initiative
This work is funded by Ochsner Translational Medicine Research Initiative
Fig 7. Uterosacral ligament sample preparation.
Related Publications:
Related Publications:
Journal Articles
12. Shelby E. White, Jasmine X. Kiley, Bruna Visniauskas, Sarah H. Lindsey, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Murine Vaginal Remodeling with Reproductive Aging, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 144(6), 061010. 2022.
11. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Mari Domingo, Kristin S. Miller, Biomechanics of Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery, Current Opinions in Biomedical Engineering, (22): 100386. 2022
10. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Sambit Roy, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Aritro Sen, Kristin S. Miiller, Role of Fibulin-5 Insufficiency and Prolapse Progression on Murine Vaginal Biomechanical Function, 11(1):20956. 2021.
9. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Jeffrey A. McGuire, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Raffaella De Vita, Kristin S. Miller, Investigation of Murine Vaginal Creep Response to Altered Mechanical Loads, 143(12): 121008. 2021.
8. Cassandra Conway, Asha Varghese, Mala Mahendroo, Kristin Miller, The Role of Biaxial Loading on Smooth Muscle Contractility in the Nulliparous Murine Cervix, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Aug;49(8):1874-1887. 2021.
7. Elvis K Danso, Jason D Schuster, Isabella Johnson, Emily W Harville, Lyndsey R Buckner, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R Knoepp, Kristin S Miller. Comparison of Biaxial Biomechanical Properties of Post-menopausal Human Prolapsed and Non-prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament. Sci Rep, 10 (1), 1-14. 2020.
6. Cassandra K Conway, Hamna J Qureshi, Victoria L Morris, Elvis K Danso, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R Knoepp, Craig J Goergen, Kristin S Miller, Biaxial Biomechanical Properties of the Nonpregnant Murine Cervix and Uterus , Journal of Biomechanics, 94:39-48. 2019.
5. Shelby E. White, Cassandra K. Conway, Gabrielle L. Clark, Dylan J. Lawrence, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph System, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 13 (150). 2019.
4. Gabrielle L. Clark, Anastassia P. Pokutta-Paskaleva, Dylan J. Lawrence, Sarah H. Lindsey, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Carolyn L. Bayer, Rudolph L. Gleason Jr., Kristin S. Miller, Smooth Muscle Regional Contribution to Vaginal Wall Function, Interface Focus, 9(4):20190025. 2019.
3. Akinjide R. Akintunde, Kathryn M. Robison, Daniel J. Capone, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Effects of elastase digestion on the murine vaginal wall biaxial mechanical response, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering , 141: 021011. 2019.
2. Daniel J. Capone, Gabrielle L. Clark, Derek J. Bivona, Benard O. Ogola, Leise R. Knoepp, Laurephile Desrosiers, Sarah H. Lindsey, Kristin S. Miller, Residual Strain in the Female Murine Reproductive System, Journal of Biomechanics, 82:299-306.
1. Katy M. Robison, Cassandra K. Conway, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller: Biaxial Mechanical Assessment of the Murine Vaginal Wall, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 139(10). 2017.
Conference Abstracts
35. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Raffaella De Vita, Kristin S. Miller: Evaluating Vaginal Creep Using Extension-Inflation Testing. 2021, 16th U.S. National Congress on Computational Mechanics. Virtual
34. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Raffaella De Vita, Kristin S. Miller: Effect of Osmotic Loading on Vaginal Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties. 2021, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, Virtual.
33. Shelby E. White, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller: Effect of Elastase Digestion and Maternal Age on Murine Vagina Wall Biaxial Mechanics. 2021, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, Virtual.
32. Shelby E. White, Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller: Changes in Biaxial Mechanical Function of the Murine Vagina with Increasing Maternal Age. Biomedical Engineering Society. Virtual, 2020.
31. Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Raffaella De Vita, Kristin S. Miller: The Effect of Fibulin-5 Haploinsufficiency on Vaginal Elastic and Viscoelastic Mechanical Response. 2020, Summer Biomechanics, Biotransport, and Bioengineering, Virtual.
30. Cassandra K. Conway, Gabrielle L. Clark-Patterson, Mala Mahendroo, Kristin S. Miller: Cervical Biaxial Contractility and Passive Mechanics During Pregnancy. 2020, Summer Biomechanics, Biotransport, and Bioengineering, Virtual.
29. Gabrielle L. Clark, Taylor Rothermel, Elizabeth Shih, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Patrick W Alford, Kristin S. Miller. Role of Fibulin-5 Deficiency and Prolapse on Vaginal Smooth Muscle Cells. 2020, Society for Reproductive Investigation Annual Meeting. Vancouver, Canada,.
28. Kristin S. Miller, Diego R. Gatica, Bihe Hu, Elvis K. Danso, Katherine Elfer, J. Quincy Brown: Towards Three-Dimensional Imaging of the Murine Vagina. 2020, The Society for Reproductive Investigation, Vancouver, Canada.
27. Akinjide R. Akintunde, Gabrielle L. Clark, Kristin S. Miller: Towards the Development of a Growth and Remodeling Model to Elucidate Vaginal Prolapse. 2019, 15th US National Congress on Computational Mechanics, Austin, Texas.
26. Gabrielle L. Clark, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Role of elastic fibers in the biaxial passive and active properties of the murine vagina. 2019, International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Singapore,.
25. Gabrielle L. Clark, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R, Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, The Effect of Fibulin-5 Haploinsufficiency on Vaginal Mechanical Behavior Using Extension-Inflation Testing. 2019, 44th Annual American Urogynecology Society and International Urogynecological Association, Nashville, TN.
24. Diego R. Gatica, Bihe Hu, J. Quincy Brown, Kristin S. Miller, Three-dimensional imaging of murine vaginal wall. 2019, Biomedical Engineering Society. Philadelphia, PA.
23. Cassandra K. Conway, Gabrielle L. Clark, Mala Mahendroo, Kristin S. Miller, Determination of the Active and Passive Mechanical Properties of the Non-Pregnant Murine Cervix. 2019, Summer Biomechanics, Biotransport, and Bioengineering Conference, Seven Springs, PA.
22. Gabrielle L. Clark, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Murine Vaginal Wall Contractile Response Following Elastase Digestion. 2019, Summer Biomechanics, Biotransport, and Bioengineering Conference, Seven Springs, PA.
21. Elvis K Danso, Jason D Schuster, Isabella Johnson, Emily Harville, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R Knoepp, Kristin S Miller, Effects of Pelvic Organ Prolapse on the Biaxial Biomechanical Behavior of Post-menopausal Uterosacral Ligament. 2019, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Biotransport Conference, Seven Springs, PA.
20. Akinjide R. Akintunde, Kathryn M. Robison, Daniel J. Capone, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Effects of elastase digestion on the murine vaginal wall biaxial mechanical response. 2019, Technical Research Exhibition at the Annual Meeting of the National Society of Black Engineers, Detroit, MI
19. Cassandra K. Conway, Gabrielle L. Clark, Mala Mahendroo, Kristin S. Miller, Longitudinal and Circumferential Smooth Muscle Contractility of the Murine Cervix In Vitro. 2019, Society of Reproductive Investigation, Paris, France.
18. Elvis K. Danso , Jason D. Schuster, Daniel J. Capone, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Characterization of the Biaxial Biomechanical Properties of Human Post-Menopausal Prolapsed and Non-prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament. 2018, Society for Pelvic Research, New Orleans, LA.
17. Gabrielle L. Clark, Rachel Russell, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Effect of Parity on Murine Vaginal Wall Elastic Fiber Structure and Mechanical Function. 2018, Society for Pelvic Research, New Orleans, LA.
16. Akinjide R. Akintunde, Kathryn M. Robison, Daniel J. Capone, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Effects of elastase digestion on the murine vaginal wall biaxial mechanical response. 2018, Society for Pelvic Research, New Orleans, LA.
15. Gabrielle L. Clark, Dylan J. Lawrence, Sarah H. Lindsey, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kristin S. Miller, Role of Circumferential and Longitudinal Smooth Muscle in Murine Vaginal Tissue. 2018, International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Pittsburg, PA.
14. Gabrielle L. Clark, Dylan J. Lawrence, Sarah H. Lindsey, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kristin S. Miller, Contribution of Basal Smooth Muscle Tone to Biaxial Mechanical Response and Remodeling of the Murine Vagina. 2018, Annual Technical Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science , Madrid, Spain.
13. Jason D. Schuster, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Human Post-Menopausal Prolapsed Uterosacral Ligament Insertion, 2018, AUGS Pelvic Floor Disorder Week, Chicago, IL.
12. Gabrielle L. Clark, Dylan J. Lawrence, Sarah H. Lindsey, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Contractile Response of Murine Vaginal Smooth Muscle. 2018, AUGS Pelvic Floor Disorder Week, Chicago, IL.
11. Jason D. Schuster, Daniel J. Capone, Gabrielle L. Clark, J. Quincy Brown, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Human Post-Menopausal Uterosacral Ligament With and Without Prolapse, 2018, World Congress Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.
10. Gabrielle L. Clark, Dylan J. Lawrence, Sarah H. Lindsey, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Carolyn L. Bayer, Kristin S. Miller, Smooth Muscle Basal Contribution to Biaxial Mechanical Response of the Murine Vagina. 2018, World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.
9. Akinjide R. Akintunde, Kathryn M. Robison, Daniel J. Capone, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Role of elastin in vaginal wall biaxial mechanical response. 2018, 8th World Congress of Biomechanics, Dublin, Ireland.
8. Gabrielle L. Clark, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, and Kristin S. Miller, Regional Contractility of Murine Vaginal Circumferential and Longitudinal Smooth Muscle. 2018, Society for Reproductive Investigation, San Diego, CA.
7. Kathryn M. Robison, Akinjide R. Akintunde, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Towards a Microstructurally-Motivated Model of the Murine Vaginal Wall. 2017 5th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Biomedical Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA.
6. Cassandra K. Conway, Hamna J. Qureshi, Leise Knoepp, Laurephile Desrosiers, Craig J. Goergen, Kristin S. Miller, Comparing In Vivo Ultrasound Geometry Against In Vitro Calculations for Biaxial Testing in the Nonpregnant Murine Cervix. 2017, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, Tuscon, AZ.
5. Katy M. Robison, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller. Effect of Elastase Digestion on the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Murine Vagina. 43rd Annual Meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons. 2017, San Antonio, TX.
4. Cassandra K.Conway, Laurephile Desrosiers, Leise R. Knoepp, Kristin S. Miller, Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Murine Uterus and Cervix. 2017, Society of Reproductive Investigation, Orlando, FL.
3. Katy M. Robison, Derek J. Bivona, Kristin S. Miller: Effect of Elastin Digestion on the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Murine Vagina. 2016, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, National Harbor, MD.
2. Victoria L. Morris, Cassandra K. Conway, Kristin S. Miller: Determining the Effect of Elastin Digestion on the Regional Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Murine Cervix. 2016, Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Conference, National Harbor, MD.
1. Derek J. Bivona, Kristin S. Miller: Regional Variations of Residual Strain Within the Murine Female Reproductive System. 2015, BMES Annual Meeting, Tampa, FL.
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