It is the art of determining the relative position of points on above or beneath the surface of  earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation.

To determine the relative position of any object or points on the earth to determined angle and distance between different objects to prepare plant or mam to compute areas and volumes using the data required for various purposes to solve measurement problem in optimum way check the accuracy of lead outcomes belt of structure extra.

Location of a point by measurement from 2 points of a reference the relative position of a point to be surveyed should be located by measurement from at least 2 points of reference the position of which were already being fixed.

Plane surveying :shape of the earth spherical thus the surface is obvious curved but in plain surveying the curvature of earth is not taken into account here area is less than 250 km square and this slash degree of accuracy and this type of survey.

Geodetic surveying in this method of surveying curvature of earth is taken into concentration hair areas greater than 250 km square very large area high degree of precision and accuracy.

Chain surveying: it is simplest method of surveying in which linear measurement are directly taken in the fields and the angular measurement are not taken this type of surveying is used over small and level area.

Plain table survey: in this field work and plotting is done using a graphical method it is used for small and medium scale mapping where accuracy is not required compass survey a compass is used to determine the direction of survey line and the length of the survey line and measured by using chain and tapes.

Tachometric survey it is used to measure horizontal and vertical distance of relative position points a determine without any sophisticated instruments surface the catered instruments like change tapes at sector.

Photographic survey and this serving is done by taking photograph from elevated surface.

Theodolite survey it is used to measure horizontal as well as vertical angle.

Engineering survey it is used for the purpose of planning and designing engineering work such as roads bridges railways at sector

Military survey it is used for determining the different start a point a strategic importance

Mind surveying it is used for exploring mineral wealth

Zoological survey it is used for determining different strata in Earth's crust

Archaeological survey this type of survey is carried out together together information about sides that are important from archaeological considerations and for earthing relices of past. 

Land survey

Topographic survey to determine natural features of a country such as well as river artificial features such as Road railway station

Catastral survey to locate boundary of fields States etc

City survey to locate premises streets water supply and drainage system

Marin aur hydrographic sarve it is carried out to determine MSL mean sea level water spread area depth of water bodies and velocity flows in a stream etc

Astronomical survey to determine absolute location of any point on the surface of the earth the survey consists of making observation to heavenly bodies such a stars

Aerial survey in this type of survey data about large streps of lands is connected by taking photographs from airplane