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Once executed, it will first check the language on the infected computer. If the malware detects Russian, Belorussian, or Ukrainian, the ransomware will terminate and will not proceed with the infection. If it's any other language, it will start scanning the computer for certain file extensions to encrypt.

The FBI is seeking any information that can be shared, to include boundary logs showing communication to and from foreign IP addresses, a sample ransom note, communications with Vice Society actors, Bitcoin wallet information, decryptor files, and/or a benign sample of an encrypted file.

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This week was mostly small variants released, but we did have some interesting news. First we had a Microsoft engineer facing federal charges for involvement in the Reveton Ransomware, we then had a decryptor released for Vortex, the Magnitude exploit kit is now pushing GandCrab, and a ransomware is trying to make money off of Syrian Refugees.

Some developer may even use their own (non-standard) encryption procedure. All these allow security companies and researchers to reverse engineer and discover the "flaw". There are online decryption tools published. One instance is from the "No More Ransom" portal which has make available decryption tools for Ransomware and their variants. Another is from security company, Emsisoft which has a comprehensive list of Decryptors. In fact, there are more security companies (e.g. Kaspersky, AVG, Avast, Trend Micro, and McAfee) that compiled their list of free decryptors here. By far, Emisoft still has the most decryptors. I have compiled a common list (see Annex #2) for those publicly shared tools as a snapshot below (I will keep a lookout and update it as more new variant can be expected). This site provides a good list to search a decryptor based on file extension which is easier since that is more straightforward since that is what you know first instead of the ransomware name.

"Tell me more" - We cannot totally be sure all Ransomware's footprints are cleaned by just the host AV and other tools. There is also Ransomware such as Cerber that changes its "code footprint" every 15 seconds in attempt to bypass AV checks that rely heavily on signature tags. In this case, it is not as effectiveand unlike the Virlock ransomware which employs true polymorphic scheme to deter AV detection. Regardless, infection case should still be treated with extra care. We cannot be fully certain there is no remains of the malware even after AV's cleaning, hence it is highly recommended to use a fresh clean build machine image. If that is not possible for whatsoever reasons, like example of live production servers as bringing it down to rebuild will incur substantial business cost.

The first known malware extortion attack, the "AIDS Trojan" written by Joseph Popp in 1989, had a design failure so severe it was not necessary to pay the extortionist at all. Its payload hid the files on the hard drive and encrypted only their names, and displayed a message claiming that the user's license to use a certain piece of software had expired. The user was asked to pay US$189 to "PC Cyborg Corporation" in order to obtain a repair tool even though the decryption key could be extracted from the code of the Trojan. The Trojan was also known as "PC Cyborg". Popp was declared mentally unfit to stand trial for his actions, but he promised to donate the profits from the malware to fund AIDS research.[31]

Examples of extortionate ransomware became prominent in May 2005.[33] By mid-2006, Trojans such as Gpcode, TROJ.RANSOM.A, Archiveus, Krotten, Cryzip, and MayArchive began utilizing more sophisticated RSA encryption schemes, with ever-increasing key-sizes. Gpcode.AG, which was detected in June 2006, was encrypted with a 660-bit RSA public key.[34] In June 2008, a variant known as Gpcode.AK was detected. Using a 1024-bit RSA key, it was believed large enough to be computationally infeasible to break without a concerted distributed effort.[35][36][37][38]

In May 2021, the FBI and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued a joint alert urging the owners and operators of critical infrastructure to take certain steps to reduce their vulnerability to DarkSide ransomware and ransomware in general.

However although this moves the problem off of the phone it has a host of other KeyMat and side channel issues which would need to be solved securely. Thus outside of certain limited senarios OTPs are not realy practical for most users.

UNCALLED-FOR JUMP TO CONCLUSIONS ALERT. All that can be opined with some degree of certainty is that whether the NSA has that capability or not, it would not share it with the FBI. Because if you acquired crown jewels in secret, you want to keep them secret.

The section states that CALEA itself does not provide the power for law enforcement to require any specific equipment design to be adopted by any of the listed types of entities. CALEA instead requires that equipment with certain capabilities be adopted, but here it also clarifies for us that the law does not provide the power for law enforcement to select the particular design.

Attribution is a very complex issue. This map is based on data from different sources (vendor, studies, reports, ...) and it is not a reliable source. The majority of the mappings rely on the findings in a single incident analysis. Groups often change their toolsets or exchange them with other groups. This makes attribution of certain operations extremely difficult. Information published here may be wrong, outdated, or may change based on evolving information.

The methods such as W-OTS and Lamport only provide for a one-time signature. In order to sign many messages, we can use the Merkel signature scheme (MSS). With this we take a hash of the keys and build these as the leaves of the tree. The root of the tree is then the public key - the verification key. We then just use the private key of the W-OTS method to create the signature. The sender also sends the authentication path, which is the neighbouring nodes within the path and which leads to the root of the tree. The recipient can then rebuild the tree using the verification key (which can be received a digital certificate) and the authentication path. For the next message we move onto another key pair and where the index of the key part is revealed. ff782bc1db