Embedded Files
Conference Publications
Conference Publications
A. Paul, Ambuj, H. Nagar, and R. Machavaram, "Utilizing Fine-Tuned YOLOv8 Deep Learning Model for Greenhouse Capsicum Detection and Growth Stage Determination," In 2023 7th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), (pp. 649-656). IEEE, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1109/I-SMAC58438.2023.10290335
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10290335
H. Nagar, R. Machavaram, A. Paul, Peeyush Soni; V. Mahore, A. Chouriya, and Ambuj, "A Data-Driven Approach to Forecast Engine Torque of an Agricultural Tractor Across Varied Operational Range Using Machine Learning," In 2023 2nd International Conference on Futuristic Technologies (INCOFT), (pp. 1-7). IEEE, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1109/INCOFT60753.2023.10425702
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10425702
P. Verma, A. Paul, R. Machavaram, and M. Bhattacharya, ".Cotton Growth Stages Detection Using Fine-Tuned YOLOv8 Deep Learning Model." In 2024 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Metaheuristics & Swarm Intelligence (ISMSI), (pp. 20-25). ACM, 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3665065.3665069
https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3665065.3665069
A. Paul, and R. Machavaram, "Evaluation of YOLOv12 Single-Shot and Gemini 2.5 Zero-Shot Approaches for Greenhouse Capsicum Detection and Segmentation." In 2025 International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Researches (ICECER), (pp. 1-6). IEEE, 2025.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECER65523.2025.11401280
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11401280
P. Verma, A. Paul, R. Machavaram and M. Bhattacharya, "Toward Grounded YOLO-SAM: Unified Detection–Segmentation Framework for Agricultural Intelligence," In 2026 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Computer, Data Sciences and Applications (ACDSA), (pp. 1-6). IEEE, 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACDSA67686.2026.11467945
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11467945
A. Paul, P. Verma, and R. Machavaram, "Benchmarking Zero-Shot Vision–Language Models for Detection, Segmentation, and Captioning of Greenhouse Capsicum," In 2026 IEEE Global Symposium on Emerging and Communication Technologies (GSEACT), (pp. 1-6). IEEE, 2026.
https://doi.org/10.1109/GSEACT68539.2026.11620327
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/11620327
A. Paul, P. Verma, and R. Machavaram, "Capsicum Weight and Size Estimation Using YOLO11-Segmentation Model with Machine Learning Integration," In 2026 6th International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), (pp. 1-6). IEEE, 2026.
Journal Publicaions (First Author)
Journal Publicaions (First Author)
Paul, A., Machavarm, R., Ambuj., Kumar,D. & Nagar, H. (2024). Smart solutions for capsicum Harvesting: Unleashing the power of YOLO for detection, Segmentation, growth stage Classification, Counting, and real-time mobile identification. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 219, 108832.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.108832
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169924002230?dgcid=author
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2024). Design of an adjustable chassis for a track type combine harvester. Cogent Engineering, 11(1), 2353811.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2024.2353811
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311916.2024.2353811
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2024). Greenhouse Capsicum Detection in Thermal Imaging: A Comparative Analysis of a Single-Shot and a Novel Zero-Shot Detector. Next Research, 100076.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2024.100076
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S3050475924000769
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2024). Advanced segmentation models for automated capsicum peduncle detection in night-time greenhouse environments. Systems Science & Control Engineering, 12(1), 2437162.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2024.2437162
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642583.2024.2437162
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2025). Advancing capsicum detection in night-time greenhouse environments using deep learning models: Comparative analysis and improved zero-shot detection through fusion with a single-shot detector. Franklin Open, 100243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100243
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773186325000337
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2025). Design, kinematic modeling, and hybrid AI-based optimization of a vision-guided 6-DOF robotic arm for capsicum harvesting in greenhouse environments. Franklin Open, 100388.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2025.100388
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773186325001768
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2025). Design and simulation of a robotic cart with integrated storage unit for capsicum harvesting: Motion analysis and DEM evaluation of storage tray dynamics. Cogent Engineering, 12(1), 2564111.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2025.2564111
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311916.2025.2564111
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2025). Generative AI in Agriculture 4.0: Applications, Challenges, and Integration in the Indian Context. Food and Humanity, 100889.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2025.100889
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949824425003933
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2025). Design, structural analysis, and ROS-based kinematic simulation of a robotic arm for capsicum harvesting in greenhouse environments. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 12(2), 145-164.
https://doi.org/10.18488/cras.v12i2.4572
https://archive.conscientiabeam.com/index.php/68/article/view/4572/8872
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). Evolution of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) harvesting: From traditional practices to mechanization and robotics. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 13(1), 250-291.
https://doi.org/10.18488/cras.v13i1.4608
https://archive.conscientiabeam.com/index.php/68/article/view/4608
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). Design and Simulation-Based Validation of an Adaptive End-Effector for Non-Destructive Capsicum Harvesting. Next Research, 101487.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2026.101487
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050475926001843
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). Climate change impacts on vegetable production: a comprehensive global and Indian review. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 1-34.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2026.2630185
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19315260.2026.2630185
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) in agriculture 5.0: A strategic roadmap for sustainable and resilient food systems in India. Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications, 30 (2), 93–122.
https://dx.doi.org/10.17654/0973700626008
https://sci.pphmjopenaccess.com/index.php/fjec/article/view/54
Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). Comparative analysis of single-shot YOLOv12 and zero-shot YOLOE models for greenhouse capsicum detection and segmentation. Far East Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 8(1), 23–42.
https://doi.org/10.17654/0974326126002
https://pphmjopenaccess.com/fjetai/article/view/4938
Paul, A. (2026). Conventional, Minimum/Reduced, and Zero Tillage: Implications for Soil and Water Conservation and Residue Management in Global and Indian Contexts. Journal of Sustainable Technology in Agriculture, 2(2), 1–34.
https://doi.org/10.65287/josta.202603.ac54
https://www.jostapubs.com/volume2/issue2/josta202603ac54/josta202603ac54.html
Paul, A. (2026). Decentralized architectures in Agriculture 4.0: A comprehensive analysis of blockchain integration across the agricultural value chain. Advances in Computer Science and Engineering, 20(1), 21–47.
https://doi.org/10.17654/0973699926002
https://pphmjopenaccess.com/acse/article/view/5147
Paul, A. (2025). The algorithmic guardians: AI and computer vision for global faunal welfare, conservation, and future policy trajectories in the Indian subcontinent. Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 3(3), 1-27.
https://doi.org/10.59400/cai4243
https://ojs.acad-pub.com/index.php/CAI/article/view/4243
Paul, A., Nayak, S. A., Machavaram, R., & Verma, P. (2026). Integrative approach for capsicum maturity detection: from laboratory analysis to machine learning assisted deep learning custom model development. Neural Computing and Applications, 38(11), 421.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-026-12141-9
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00521-026-12141-9
Paul, A. (2026). Generative artificial intelligence and its regulated integration across the Indian education system. Discover Education, 5, 657.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01712-6
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44217-026-01712-6
Paul, A. (2026). Integrative Approaches to Sustainable Rural Development in India: Bridging Agriculture, Livelihoods, and Living Standards. New Countryside, 5(3), 39–69.
https://doi.org/10.55121/nc.v5i3.1257
https://ojs.bilpub.com/index.php/nc/article/view/1257
Paul, A., Verma, P., & Machavaram, R. (2026). The climate-driven evolution of farm machinery technologies: Resilience, precision, and policy in global and Indian agriculture. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences, 13(2), 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.18488/cras.v13i2.5015
https://archive.conscientiabeam.com/index.php/68/article/view/5015
Journal Publicaions (Co-authored, Not First Author)
Journal Publicaions (Co-authored, Not First Author)
Ambuj., Nagar, H., Paul, A., Machavaram, R., & Soni, P. (2024). Reinforcement learning particle swarm optimization based trajectory planning of autonomous ground vehicle using 2D LiDAR point cloud. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 178, 104723.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2024.104723
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921889024001064
Verma, P., Paul, A., Machavaram, R., & Bhattacharya, M. (2026). Graph-augmented object detection for robust cotton boll maturity assessment. Systems Science & Control Engineering, 14(1), 2609349.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21642583.2025.2609349
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21642583.2025.2609349
Verma, P., Paul, A., Machavaram, R., & Bhattacharya, M. (2026). Optimized deep learning models with heatmap visualization for optimal maturity and automated yield assessment in precision cotton farming. Expert Systems with Applications, 132067.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2026.132067
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417426009802
Das, S., Paul, A., & Machavaram, R. (2026). Design and development of a vision-guided adaptive and adjustable robotic gripper for harvesting apples. Franklin Open, 100716.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2026.100716
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773186326002318
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