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HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Birth Control Shot (Depo-Provera)
Depo-Provera is a progestin-only contraceptive injection given every three months to prevent pregnancy. It is highly effective and convenient but may cause side effects such as irregular bleeding, weight gain, and decreased bone mineral density (Zerihun et al., 2019).
Birth Control Pills (Oral Contraceptives)
Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and altering cervical mucus. They are highly effective when used correctly and also help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce acne, and manage endometriosis. However, they may cause side effects like mood changes, weight gain, and a slight increase in blood clot risk (Samanta & Maiti, 2022).
BARRIER METHODS
Male Condom
Male condoms are a widely used barrier method of contraception that provide effective protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. When used correctly and consistently, condoms can significantly reduce infection risks and offer a cost-effective prevention method (Stover et al., 2017).
Female Condom
The female condom is a woman-initiated barrier contraceptive that provides dual protection against unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Studies suggest that using female condoms alongside male condoms increases protection against STIs like gonorrhea and chlamydia (Wiyeh et al., 2020).
Diaphragm & Cervical Cap
The diaphragm and cervical cap are hormone-free barrier contraceptives that physically block sperm from entering the cervix. When used with spermicide, diaphragms are 88–94% effective, while cervical caps are 71–86% effective (Lindh et al., 2020).
OTHER ALTERNATIVES TO ABORTION
WAYS TO AVOID PREGNANCY
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