Reducing unintended pregnancies and teen pregnancies requires a multifaceted approach, including comprehensive sex education and access to contraception. Research highlights that programs combining education with contraceptive promotion significantly lower unintended pregnancy rates among adolescents (Oringanje et al., 2016). These interventions help adolescents make informed choices and adopt safer reproductive health practices. 

Additionally, psychological interventions, such as counseling and behavioral strategies, have been shown to enhance contraceptive use and reduce unintended pregnancies. A meta-analysis found that psychological approaches rooted in social cognitive and health belief models significantly decreased unintended pregnancy rates (Swain et al., 2023). These findings emphasize the importance of mental and emotional support in preventing adolescent pregnancies.

Reproductive autonomy allows women to make independent decisions regarding contraception, pregnancy, and childbirth, contributing to better health outcomes. Research highlights that women with greater autonomy are more likely to access reproductive health services and use family planning methods effectively (Amraeni & Nirwan, 2021). Policies that integrate women's empowerment into health programs can significantly enhance their reproductive choices. 

However, in many regions, sociocultural barriers and gender norms limit women's ability to make reproductive decisions. A study in rural Bangladesh found that male dominance in family planning decisions often restricts women's reproductive choices, emphasizing the need for education and policy changes to improve autonomy (Islam et al., 2022). Addressing these challenges through advocacy and education is key to empowering women in reproductive health.