The ancient Greeks had the earliest examples of an automata box. We know their engineering skills were further developed than the rest of the world and to them, their idea of building mechanical machines were their biggest obsession. During the 1600s, A Dutch mathematician and scientist Christiaan Huygens created an automation for the king of France and in one of his designs was a mechanical army. Around this time, a Frenchman called Jacques de Vaucanson made "the Digesting Duck" which was an automata that was designed as a duck and was able to eat, digest, flap its wings and quack. This creation used chemicals to make it seem like the duck was able to digest the food that was given to it. The duck had, in total, about four hundred moving parts.
Now we head into the Golden Age of the Automata, where in the 1860s and further, many makers appeared and started to create their creations. Most of these makers came from Paris and many automations were made during this time. For example, one of the most famous automations are the mechanical signing birds which were popular for clockworks, and nowadays, these automations are very rare to find and very expensive. Then we have Joseph Faber, who created his contraption called the Euphonia. The Euphonia worked by using a system of pipes, shutters, and levers which were all hooked up to a keyboard and the bellows that were made by the foot pedal made a sound which was used to ask questions, sing and laugh like an actual person. People questioned about this automaton and had weird reactions to it when they first saw it.
Singing automation birds.
Finally, we head into the modern times for automata. During this time, the use and production of automata was moving away from technological sophistication and more moving towards the modern form of art. These artists create automations mainly for business and for making profit as a way of living. Even though the original purpose for the automata is finding its way to art, many people find interest in these automations and even schools use them to teach students about how automations can tie in to the subjects of technology and also engineering, which can open up opportunities for students. From, the 18th century to the Golden Age of automata, and now to the present day, people still find ways of using automations for many things like toys and for new ideas for new inventions.
Automation made by Francois Junod called Alexander Pushkin.
References
https://themadmuseum.co.uk/history-of-automata/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automaton
Pictures
duck.jpg (from https://themadmuseum.co.uk/history-of-automata/)
bird-cage.jpg (from themadmuseum.co.uk/history-of-automata/)
Alexander Pushkin (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Pushkin_automaton_android_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Junod.JPG)